Влияние недоброжелательного отношения коллег на эмоциональное состояние сотрудников: опыт Вьетнама

Цель. Анализ влияния недоброжелательного отношения со стороны коллег и руководителей на выраженность чувства безопасности сотрудника на рабочем месте; выявление характера воздействия коллективистической ценностной ориентации на восприятие межличностных отношений работников во Вьетнаме.
Контекст и актуальность. Неприязнь со стороны членов рабочего коллектива негативно влияет на психологическое благополучие сотрудников, а также на их чувство безопасности на рабочем месте. Большинство исследований по этой теме проведено в западных странах без учета культурных особенностей азиатских сообществ. Данное исследование восполняет этот пробел, так как в нем изучается характер взаимоотношений сотрудников во Вьетнаме – стране с преобладанием коллективистических ценностей и большой дистанцией власти.
Дизайн исследования. Онлайн-опрос сотрудников вьетнамских организаций различных сфер деятельности. Данные исследования анализировались с помощью иерархической регрессии.
Участники. 359 сотрудников предприятий различных отраслей промышленности Вьетнама. Респонденты различались по полу, возрасту, уровню образования, опыту работы.
Методы (инструменты). Неприязнь на рабочем месте измерялась с помощью шкалы «Недоброжелательность на рабочем месте»; чувство незащищенности сотрудника на рабочем месте – с помощью опросника, разработанного Хуангом и Ли; коллективистская ценностная ориентация – с помощью шкалы Паттерсона и Коули.
Результаты. Неприязнь со стороны коллег и руководителя значительно понижает у сотрудника доверие к ним и ощущение уверенности в их поддержке, тем самым уменьшая чувство безопасности на рабочем месте, причем неприязнь со стороны руководителя оказывает более сильное влияние на работника. Коллективистская ценностная ориентация модерирует связь между недоброжелательностью сослуживцев и отсутствием чувства безопасности на работе у сотрудника: влияние недоброжелательности со стороны коллег выше среди людей с высокой коллективистической ориентацией по сравнению с сотрудниками с низкой коллективистической ориентацией; при проявлении недоброжелательности со стороны руководителя отсутствие чувства безопасности у сотрудника не зависит от степени выраженности у него коллективистической ориентации.
Выводы. На отсутствие чувства безопасности у сотрудника на рабочем месте более сильное влияние оказывает недоброжелательность со стороны руководителя по сравнению с рядовыми членами организации. В формировании у сотрудников реакции на недоброжелательность значительную роль играют культурные ценности общества. Полагаем, что практика управления персоналом должна соответствовать коллективистическим ценностям, принятым во вьетнамских организациях.

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