От мотивов к оптимальному функционированию: полезная роль конкордантности целей в создании хорошей жизни

Гедонистические, эвдемонические и внешние мотивы в повседневной деятельности влияют на показатели благополучия. Гедонистические мотивы связаны со стремлением к удовольствию и комфорту. Эвдемонические мотивы включают стремление к совершенству, аутентичности, развитию, смыслу и деятельности, согласующейся с ценностями. Внешние мотивы связаны со стремлением к славе, власти, статусу, материальному богатству и популярности. Ранее проведенные исследования были сосредоточены на взаимосвязях между мотивами и показателями благополучия. Однако большинство из этих исследований не фокусировались на выборе и достижении личных целей. Настоящее исследование основывается на модели конкордантности целей (Self-Concordance Model, SCM) и исследует посредническую роль конкордантности целей между такими мотивами и показателями благополучия, как позитивный аффект, негативный аффект, смысл жизни и удовлетворенность жизнью. В исследовании приняли участие 823 респондента (M = 23,41, SD = 6,94). Результаты показали, что эвдемонические и внешние мотивы были связаны с большинством показателей благополучия, в то время как гедонистическая мотивация не продемонстрировала связи с ними. Кроме того, конкордантность целей в значительной степени опосредовала положительное влияние эвдемонической мотивации и отрицательное влияние внешней мотивации на показатели благополучия. Обсуждается значение мотивов и показателей благополучия в контексте личных целей.

1. Attaining personal goals: Self-concordance plus implementation intentions equals success / R. Koestner, N. Lekes, T.A. Powers, E. Chicoine // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002. Vol. 83. № 1. P. 231—244. DOI:10.1037//0022-3514.83.1.231
2. Autonomous and controlled regulation of performance-approach goals: Their relations to perfectionism and educational outcomes / M. Vansteenkiste, S. Smeets, B. Soenens, W. Lens, L. Matos, E.L. Deci // Motivation and Emotion. 2010. Vol. 34. P. 333—353. DOI:10.1007/s11031-010-9188-3
3. Chen H., Zeng Z. Associations of hedonic and eudaimonic orientations with subjective experience and objective functioning in academic settings: The mediating roles of academic behavioral engagement and procrastination // Frontiers in Psychology. 2022. Vol. 13. Article 948768. 11 p. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.948768
4. Chen H., Zeng Z. Happiness motives and mental health mediated by mastery behavior and smartphone addiction: Variable-centered and person-centered approaches // Personality and Individual Differences. 2024. Vol. 222. Article 112575. 8 p. DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112575
5. Chen H., Zeng Z. Longitudinal well-being through the pursuit of hedonia and eudaimonia: Inhibition and enhancement of eudaimonic behavior // Current Psychology. 2024. Vol. 43. P. 6603—6612. DOI:10.1007/s12144-023-04857-x
6. Chen H., Zeng Z. Seeking pleasure is good, but avoiding pain is bad: Distinguishing hedonic approach from hedonic avoidance orientations // Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being. 2023. Vol. 24. № 7. P. 2377—2393. DOI:10.1007/s10902-023-00687-7
7. Chen H., Zeng Z. When do hedonic and eudaimonic orientations lead to happiness? Moderating effects of orientation priority // International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021. Vol. 18. № 18. Article ID 9798. 12 p. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18189798
8. Gaudreau P. Goal self-concordance moderates the relationship between achievement goals and indicators of academic adjustment // Learning and Individual Differences. 2012. Vol. 22. № 6. P. 827—832. DOI:10.1016/j.lindif.2012.06.006
9. George L.S., Park C.L. The multidimensional existential meaning scale: A tripartite approach to measuring meaning in life // The Journal of Positive Psychology: Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice. 2017. Vol. 12. № 6. P. 613—627. DOI:10.1080/17439760.2016.1209546
10. Goal motives, goal-regulatory processes, psychological needs, and well-being [Электронный ресурс]: A systematic review and meta-analysis / B. Sezer, H. Riddell, Gucciardi, D., K.M. Sheldon, C. Sedikides, D. Vasconcellos, B. Jackson, C. Thøgersen-Ntoumani, N. Ntoumanis // Motivation Science. 2024. 58 p. [Unpublished manuscript]. URL: https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/493985 (дата обращения: 25.09.2024).
11. Gorges J., Esdar W., Wild E. Linking goal self-concordance and affective reactions to goal conflict // Motivation and Emotion. 2014. Vol. 38. P. 475—484. DOI:10.1007/s11031-014-9392-7
12. Hedonic and eudaimonic motives to pursue well-being in three samples of youth / A.L. Gentzler, K.L. DeLong, C.A. Palmer, V. Huta // Motivation and Emotion. 2021. Vol. 45. P. 312—326. DOI:10.1007/s11031-021-09882-6
13. Hedonic and eudaimonic motives toward university studies: How they relate to each other and to well-being derived from school / A. Braaten, V. Huta, L. Tyrany, A. Thompson // Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing. 2019. Vol. 3. № 2. P. 179—196.
14. Holding A., Koestner R. The role of motivation in the lifecycle of personal goals // The Oxford Handbook of Self-Determination Theory / Ed. R.M. Ryan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2023. P. 327—345.
15. Huta V. Eudaimonic and hedonic orientations: Theoretical considerations and research findings // Handbook of Eudaimonic Well-Being / Ed. J. Vittersø. London: Springer, 2016. P. 215—231. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_15
16. Huta V. How distinct are eudaimonia and hedonia? It depends on how they are measured // Journal of Well-Being Assessment. 2022. Vol. 4. № 3. P. 511—537. DOI:10.1007/s41543-021-00046-4
17. Huta V. Introducing a model of healthy hedonic functioning, and demonstrating its distinctness from eudaimonic functioning (psychological well-being) [Manuscript in preparation].
18. Huta V. The complementary roles of eudaimonia and hedonia and how they can be pursued in practice // Positive Psychology in Practice: Promoting Human Flourishing in Work, Health, Education, and Everyday Life / Ed. S. Joseph. Hoboken: Wiley, 2015. P. 159—182. DOI:10.1002/9781118996874.ch10
19. Huta V., Ryan R.M. Pursuing pleasure or virtue: The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives // Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being. 2010. Vol. 11. P. 735—762. DOI:10.1007/s10902-009-9171-4
20. Huta V., Waterman A.S. Eudaimonia and its distinction from Hedonia: Developing a classification and terminology for understanding conceptual and operational definitions // Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being. 2014. Vol. 15. P. 1425—1456. DOI:10.1007/s10902-013-9485-0
21. Joshanloo M. Revisiting the empirical distinction between hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being using exploratory structural equation modeling // Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being. 2016. Vol. 17. P. 2023—2036. DOI:10.1007/s10902-015-9683-z
22. Kinoshita K., MacIntosh E., Sato S. Thriving in youth sport: The antecedents and consequences // International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2021. Vol. 20. № 2. P. 356—376. DOI:10.1080/1612197X.2021.1877327
23. LeFebvre A., Huta V. Age and gender differences in eudaimonic, hedonic, and extrinsic motivations // Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being. 2021. Vol. 22. № 5. P. 2299—2321. DOI:10.1007/s10902-020-00319-4
24. Lin L., Chan H.W. The associations between happiness motives and well-being in China: The mediating role of psychological need satisfaction and frustration // Frontiers in Psychology. 2020. Vol. 11. Article 2198. 14 p. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02198
25. Lovibond P.F., Lovibond S.H. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories // Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1995. Vol. 33. № 3. P. 335—343. DOI:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
26. Milyavskaya M., Nadolny D., Koestner R. Where do self-concordant goals come from? The role of domain-specific psychological need satisfaction // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2014. Vol. 40. № 6. P. 700—711. DOI:10.1177/0146167214524445
27. Turkish Validation of the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale (MEMS): A Bifactor Model Approach. / M. Subasi, H. Karaman, S. Bulut, E.N. Osin // Submitted manuscript.
28. New measures of well-being / E. Diener, D. Wirtz, R. Biswas-Diener, W. Tov, C. Kim-Prieto, D.W. Choi, S. Oishi // Assessing Well-Being: The Collected Works / Ed. E. Diener. London, New York: Springer, 2009. P. 247—266. DOI:10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_12
29. Ong A.D., Phinney J.S. Personal goals and depression among Vietnamese American and European American young adults: A mediational analysis // The Journal of Social Psychology. 2002. Vol. 142. № 1. P. 97—108. DOI:10.1080/00224540209603888
30. Osin E.N., Voevodina E.Y., Kostenko V.Y. A growing concern for meaning: Exploring the links between ego development and eudaimonia // Frontiers in Psychology. 2023. Vol. 14. Article 958721. 14 p. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.958721
31. Passmore H.A., Howell A.J., Holder M.D. Positioning implicit theories of well-being within a positivity framework // Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being. 2018. Vol. 19. P. 2445—2463. DOI:10.1007/s10902-017-9934-2
32. Preacher K.J., Hayes A.F. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models // Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers. 2004. Vol. 36. P. 717—731. DOI:10.3758/BF03206553
33. Psychometric properties of measures of hedonic and eudaimonic orientations in Japan: The HEMA scale / R. Asano, S. Tsukamoto, T. Igarashi, V. Huta // Current Psychology. 2021. Vol. 40. P. 390—401. DOI:10.1007/s12144-018-9954-z
34. Richter N., Hunecke M. The mindful hedonist? Relationships between well-being orientations, mindfulness and well-being experiences // Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being. 2021. Vol. 22. № 7. P. 3111—3135. DOI:10.1007/s10902-021-00358-5
35. Russo-Netzer P., Tarrasch R. The path to life satisfaction in adolescence: Life orientations, prioritizing, and meaning in life // Current Psychology. 2024. Vol. 43. № 18. P. 16591—16603. DOI:10.1007/s12144-023-05608-8
36. Ryan R.M., Connell J.P. Perceived locus of causality and internalization: examining reasons for acting in two domains // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1989. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 749—761. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749
37. Ryan R.M., Deci E.L. On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being // Annual Review of Psychology. 2001. Vol. 52. № 1. P. 141—166. DOI:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
38. Ryan R.M., Deci E.L. Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York: Guilford Publications, 2017. 756 p.
39. Ryff C.D., Boylan J.M., Kirsch J.A. Eudaimonic and hedonic well-being // Measuring Well-Being: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Social Sciences and the Humanities / Eds. M.T. Lee, L.D. Kubzansky, T.J. VanderWeele. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. P. 92—135.
40. Ryff C.D., Singer B.H. Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being // Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being. 2008. Vol. 9. P. 13—39. DOI:10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0
41. Sangeorzan P.C., Goodson W.L., Bohon L.M. The Why to Bear Any How: Goal Self-Concordance, Meaning, and Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology // International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology. 2024. Vol. 9. P. 879—898. DOI:10.1007/s41042-024-00158-1
42. Saunders C., Huta V., Sweet S.N. Physical activity, well-being, and the basic psychological needs: Adopting the SDT model of eudaimonia in a post-cardiac rehabilitation sample // Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being. 2018. Vol. 10. № 3. P. 347—367. DOI:10.1111/aphw.12136
43. Self-concordant goals breed goal-optimism and thus well-being / K. Sheldon, T. Gordeeva, O. Sychev, E. Osin, L. Titova // Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological. 2020. Vol. 41(9). P. 6549—6557. DOI:10.1007/s12144-020-01156-7
44. Sheldon K.M. Becoming oneself: The central role of self-concordant goal selection // Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2014. Vol. 18. № 4. P. 349—365. DOI:10.1177/1088868314538549
45. Sheldon K.M., Elliot A.J. Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1999. Vol. 76. № 3. P. 482—497. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.482
46. Sheldon K.M., Elliot A.J. Not all personal goals are personal: Comparing autonomous and controlled reasons for goals as predictors of effort and attainment // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1998. Vol. 24. № 5. P. 546—557. DOI:10.1177/0146167298245010
47. Sheldon K.M., Houser-Marko L. Self-concordance, goal attainment, and the pursuit of happiness: Can there be an upward spiral? // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001. Vol. 80. № 1. P. 152—165. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.152
48. Sheldon K.M., Prentice M., Osin E. Rightly crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating goal self-concordance prior to selection helps people choose more intrinsic goals // Journal of Research in Personality. 2019. Vol. 79. P. 119—129. DOI:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.03.001
49. The different roles of hedonic and eudaimonic motives for activities in predicting functioning and well-being experiences / L. Giuntoli, F. Condini, F. Ceccarini, V. Huta, G. Vidotto // Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being. 2021. Vol. 22. P. 1657—1671. DOI:10.1007/s10902-020-00290-0
50. The independent effects of goal contents and motives on well-being: It’s both what you pursue and why you pursue it / K.M. Sheldon, R.M. Ryan, E.L. Deci, T. Kasser // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2004. Vol. 30. № 4. P. 475—486. DOI:10.1177/0146167203261883
51. The mediating role of relatedness need satisfaction in the relationship between charitable behavior and well-being: Empirical evidence from China / J. Jiang, T. Zeng, C. Zhang, R. Wang // International Journal of Psychology. 2018. Vol. 53. № 5. P. 349—355. DOI:10.1002/ijop.12377
52. The roles of hedonic and eudaimonic motives in emotion regulation / C.N. Ortner, D. Corno, T.Y. Fung, K. Rapinda // Personality and Individual Differences. 2018. Vol. 120. P. 209—212. DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.006
53. The satisfaction with life scale / E.D. Diener, R.A. Emmons, R.J. Larsen, S. Griffin // Journal of Personality Assessment. 1985. Vol. 49. № 1. P. 71—75. DOI:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
54. User experience in safety–critical domains: A survey on motivational orientations and psychological need satisfaction in acute care / A. Hohm, O. Happel, J. Hurtienne, T. Grundgeiger // Cognition, Technology & Work. 2022. Vol. 24. № 2. P. 247—260. DOI:10.1007/s10111-022-00697-0
55. Validation of the Greek version of hedonic, eudaimonic, and extrinsic motives for activities (HEEMA) instrument / E. Koumantarou Malisiova, I. Mourikis, C. Darviri, M. Michou, K. Provi, D. Vlachakis, F. Bacopoulou, C. Papageorgiou, G.P. Chrousos // GeNeDis 2020: Geriatrics / Ed. P. Vlamos. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. P. 137—147. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_16
56. Voigt J., Sheldon K.M., Kehr H.M. When visions truly inspire: The moderating role of self-concordance in boosting positive affect, goal commitment, and goal progress // Journal of Research in Personality. 2024. Vol. 109. Article 104471. 14 p. DOI:10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104471
57. Well-being: Foundations of hedonic psychology / Eds. D. Kahneman, E. Diener, N. Schwarz. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1999. 608 p.
58. Zeng Z., Chen H. Distinct associations of hedonic and eudaimonic motives with well-being: Mediating role of self-control // International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. Vol. 17. № 15. Article ID 5547. 9 p. DOI:10.3390/ijerph17155547