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Consortium Psychiatricum
2024. Том 5. № 4. С. 78–92
doi:10.17816/CP15552
ISSN: 2712-7672 / 2713-2919 (online)

Психическое здоровье беженцев и насильно перемещенных лиц: нарративный обзор литературы

9

Сукиасян С.Г.

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Аннотация

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Одной из глобальных проблем современности является вопрос миграции беженцев и насильно перемещенных лиц. Статус беженца или насильно перемещенного лица оказывает значительное влияние на психическое здоровье человека, что сопровождается высоким риском развития депрессий, тревоги, посттравматических стрессовых и психотических расстройств.

ЦЕЛЬ: Провести обзор имеющейся литературы и изучить состояние психического здоровья беженцев и насильно перемещенных лиц в результате боевых действий.

МЕТОДЫ: Проведен поиск литературы без ограничения по дате публикации с акцентом на работы последних двух десятилетий. Поиск осуществлялся в базе данных Google Scholar и PubMed, по ключевым словам и словосочетаниям «миграция» (migration), «мигранты» (migrants), «беженцы» (refugees), «насильно перемещенные лица» (forcibly displaced persons), «психическое здоровье» (mental health), «психическое расстройство» (mental disorder), «психиатрические расстройства» (psychiatric disorders). Исследования включались в анализ, если в них обсуждались и оценивались социальные, психологические и клинические аспекты миграции. В обзор включались оригинальные исследования и мета-аналитические обзорные статьи на английском, русском и испанском языках. Для обобщения результатов применялся метод описательного анализа.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Обзор литературы показал, что уровень миграции по всему миру достиг высокой планки, и тенденция к росту сохраняется из-за сложившихся геополитических условий. Даже фрагментарные и трудно сопоставимые эпидемиологические данные показывают, что более четверти мигрантов имеют психические расстройства. Прежде всего, это депрессивные, тревожные и посттравматические стрессовые расстройства. Они создают и усугубляют проблемы не только у самих беженцев и насильно перемещенных лиц, но ставят серьезные задачи перед социальными службами и системой здравоохранения принимающих сторон. Анализ литературы демонстрирует, что вынужденное переселение является патогенетическим фактором в развитии психической патологии, а также подчеркивает значимость ряда сопутствующих факторов.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Настоящий обзор подчеркивает насущную необходимость унификации методов обследования беженцев и насильно перемещенных лиц, создания единых подходов к обследованию и специальной подготовке специалистов сферы психического здоровья. Необходимы масштабные программы для поддержки и внедрения устойчивых глобальных мер в области психического здоровья в странах, пострадавших от военных действий.

Общая информация

Ключевые слова: беженцы, мигранты, социально-психологические проблемы, психические расстройства

Рубрика издания: Обзоры

Тип материала: научная статья

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15552

Получена: 19.06.2024

Принята в печать:

Для цитаты: Сукиасян С.Г. Психическое здоровье беженцев и насильно перемещенных лиц: нарративный обзор литературы // Consortium Psychiatricum. 2024. Том 5. № 4. С. 78–92. DOI: 10.17816/CP15552

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Информация об авторах

Сукиасян Самвел Грантович, доктор медицинских наук, Профессор, руководитель психиатрической службы, Центр психосоциального регулирования, Армянский государственный педагогический университет им. Х. Абовяна , Ереван, Армения, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9813-2471, e-mail: doc.sukiasyan@gmail.com

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