«Любовь в позднем возрасте...»: восприятие секса и сексуальности у пожилых людей в Индии (качественный анализ)

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Население мира стареет, в условиях демографических изменений и увеличения ожидаемой продолжительности жизни ресурсы здравоохранения направлены на поддержание здорового старения. Сексуальное здоровье — важнейший аспект поддержания общего физического и психологического здоровья пожилых людей, при этом ему уделяется недостаточно внимания. Цель проведенного исследования — изучение сексуального опыта и восприятия сексуальности у пожилых людей в Индии.

МЕТОДЫ: Проведен качественный анализ с применением парадигмы социального конструктивизма. 20 участников в возрасте старше 60 лет включались в исследование путем целенаправленного отбора до достижения тематического насыщения. Были проведены индивидуальные очные углубленные опросы с использованием полуструктурированного руководства, составленного по результатам предварительного пилотного исследования. Аудиозапись опросов была расшифрована и переведена. Выполнен тематический анализ, точность которого обеспечивалась с помощью перекрестной проверки и проверки респондентами.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Были выделены следующие общие категории тем: «сексуальность как проявление психологической устойчивости», «эмоциональная стабильность и близкие отношения как атрибуты сексуального удовольствия» и «недостаточное понимание сексуальных прав». Определены следующие основные темы: сексуальный опыт (интимные прикосновения, секс без проникновения, восприятие своей сексуальности), ожидания от партнера (дружеское общение, поддержка, постоянная забота, психологическая близость) и факторы, препятствующие сексуальным проявлениям (социальные стереотипы, стигматизация, отсутствие поддержки со стороны структур здравоохранения). Пожилые люди признавали наличие трудностей в сексуальной сфере и пытались справиться с ними в процессе построения отношений. Анализ ответов респондентов выполнен с учетом социокультурного контекста.

ВЫВОД: Сексуальное благополучие связано с концепцией здорового старения. Согласно результатам нашего исследования, у пожилых людей сохраняются сексуальные фантазии и сексуальное влечение, но при этом наблюдается изменение моделей сексуального взаимодействия и ожиданий от партнера. Медицинские учреждения, законодатели и научное сообщество должны обратить внимание на сексуальные потребности и права пожилых людей.

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