Выготский: между социокультурным релятивизмом и историческим материализмом. От психологической перспективы — к педагогической

В статье рассматриваются различия двух подходов, возникших и развившихся вскоре после публикаций Л.С. Выготского начала 20 века. Я исследую ключевые методологические различия между социокультурным релятивизмом и историческим материализмом, а также то, какие последствия эти различия имеют для педагогической практики. Мою озабоченность вызывает то обстоятельство, что общеизвестное пристрастие западной культуры к постмодернистским идеям влечет за собой глубоко консервативный подход в педагогике. В таком виде педагогика рискует утратить свою силу как инструмент социальной трансформации и значительно сокращает возможности трансформации личностной. В заключение статьи я привожу цитату, которая как нельзя более точно отражает всю сущность этой проблемы: «Методология — это не «ящик с инструментами», из которого ученый может по своему вкусу или по социальному заказу вытаскивать тот или иной метод. Напротив, это сложная, интегрированная структура эпистемологического процесса, которая легко может в равной степени как обнажать, так и скрывать объективную действительность в процессе конструирования знания исследователями».

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