Expressive Function of the Segmental Units of the Poetic Text: Universal and Nationally Specific Features

The article focuses on the system of expressive means of poetic text. There are two ways how to research the poetic text: the first is based on the linguistic approach while the second is based on the perception of the emotional mood of the poetic text. The aim of the research is to identify the correlation between the formal features of the poetic text in the phonological aspect and the way its emotional mood is conveyed and perceived in the text. The object of the research is sound poetic texts. The subject is the elements of the segmental level in their expressive function. The novelty of the approach is as follows: there is an attempt to combine the structural (phonological) analysis with the psycholinguistic data in the field of the theory of emotionality, which allows us to offer the mechanism of research of the sound-pictorial possibilities of a poetic text, based on the frequency of differential signs of phonemes. The authors rely on E.N. Vinarskaya’s basic emotions concept. A psycholinguistic experiment on the perception of sounding German poetic texts by native speakers of German and Russian is carried out. The linguistic part of the experiment includes phonetic notation of poetic texts by phonetic auditors. After that the received data of the psycholinguistic and linguistic parts of the experiment is analyzed for the correlation of the associated emotion and the frequency of realization of phonological features of vowel phonemes by localization (row and timbral characteristics of vowels) and fullness (short-open-unstressed and long-closed-unstressed). The analysis of the data is comparative in relation to two groups of informants in German and Russian. The comparative aspect of the study allows us to identify universal and nationally specific signs of perception and correlate it with the basic emotions. Universal feature is the fact that the complexes of phonologically relevant features function as signs in shaping the emotional image of a word. Nationally specific feature reflects the frequency of realization in accordance with the associated emotion in the perception of German and Russian speakers.

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