Time Perspective and Temporal Competence as Factors of Productive Learning Motivation

The problems of time perspective and temporal competence in context of schoolchildren’ and students’ motivation in education and also advanced staff training in companies including top management are being analyzed with the help of modern foreign and national research tools and. Findings. The term «temporal competence» is interpreted in accordance with J. Nuttin’s approach to it as an ability of a person to subjectively connect his present time activities, goals and intentions with future. On the bases of numerous (mainly foreign) studies, conducted in different countries, the authors demonstrate the importance of lengthy and balanced time perspective, temporal competence in development of learning motivation and high academic achievements in schoolchildren and students, career progress and success of employees in various companies. The majority of these studies are based on J. Nuttin’s MIM and F. Zimbardo’s ZTPI methodologies. Particular attention is focused on integration of accumulated scientific knowledge into elaboration of multi-module development programs, which include: project management, strategic thinking individual trajectories of development and other components, based on optimization of time perspective and formation of temporal competence.

1. Blagidze K.G., Bukharina A.Yu., Dusenko S.V. Postroenie strategicheskikh programm razvitiya lichnosti kak glavnyi instrument obucheniya upravlentsev v epokhu tsifrovoi ekonomiki [Building strategic programs for the development of personality as the main tool for training managers in the digital economy]. Chelovecheskii capital [Human Capital], 2018, vol. 11. no. 119. Ch. 2. P. 209–220. (In Russ.).
2. Bozhovich L.I., Morozova N.G., Slavina L.S. Razvitie motivov ucheniya u sovetskikh shkol'nikov [The development of learning motifs among Soviet schoolchildren]. Izvestiya APN RSFSR [News of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR], 1951, vol. 36. (In Russ.).
3. Bukharina A.Yu. Vremennaya perspektiva i motivatsiya lichnosti u studentov upravlencheskikh napravlenii v razreze potrebnostei obshchestva tsifrovoi ekonomiki [Time perspective and personality motivation among management students in the context of the needs of the digital economy society]. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii «Deyatel'nostnyi podkhod k obrazovaniyu v tsifrovom obshchestve». 13–14 dekabrya 2018 g. [Proceedings of the international scientific conference "Activity Approach to Education in a Digital Society". December 13–14, 2018]. Fakul'tet psikhologii MGU imeni M. V. Lomonosova; Rossiiskoe psikhologicheskoe obshchestvo. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 2018, pp. 69–72. (In Russ.).
4. Bukharina A.Yu. Individual'nye plany razvitiya v tekhnologii i praktike nastavnichestva v organizatsiyakh [Individual development plans in technology and mentoring practice in organizations]. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo [Social Psychology and Society], 2018, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 162—176. doi:10.17759/sps.2018090111 (In Russ.; abstr. in Engl.).
5. Bukharina A.Yu. Upravlenie talantami: chemu uchit' sotrudnikov segodnya, chtoby vyzhit' zavtra [Talent management: what to teach employees today to survive tomorrow]. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo [Social psychology and society], 2017, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 144–162. doi:10.17759/sps.2017080109 (In Russ.; abstr. in Engl.).
6. Kondrat'ev M.D. Osobennosti vremennoi perspektivy odarennykh podrostkov i ikh sverstnikov [Features of the time perspective of gifted adolescents and their peers]. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskie issledovaniya [Psychological and pedagogical research], 2017, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 106–114. doi:10.17759/psyedu.2017090111 (In Russ.; abstr. in Engl.).
7. Kondrat'ev M.D. Sotsial'nye predstavleniya ob uspeshnosti podrostkov s raznym intragruppovym statusom i raznym urovnem intellektual'noi uspeshnosti [Social ideas about the success of adolescents with different intragroup status and different levels of intellectual success]. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo [Social Psychology and Society], 2017, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 116–130. doi:10.17759/sps.2017080208 (In Russ.; abstr. in Engl.).
8. Nikitskaya M.G., Tolstykh N.N. Zarubezhnye issledovaniya uchebnoi motivatsii: XXI vek [Foreign studies of educational motivation: XXI century]. Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psikhologiya [Modern foreign psychology], 2018, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 100–113. doi:10.17759/jmfp.2018070210 (In Russ.; abstr. in Engl.).
9. Nyutten Zh. Motivatsiya, deistvie i perspektiva budushchego [Motivation, Action, and Future Perspective]. In D.A. Leont'eva (ed.). M.: Smysl, 2004. 608 p. (In Russ.).
10. Tolstykh N.N. Vremennaya perspektiva i psikhicheskoe zdorov'e [Temporal perspective and mental health]. In I.V. Dubrovina (ed.) Rukovodstvo prakticheskogo psikhologa: Psikhicheskoe zdorov'e detei i podrostkov v kontekste psikhologicheskoi sluzhby [the Guide to a practical psychologist: Mental health of children and adolescents in the context of the psychological service]. M., Izdatel'skii tsentr «Akademiya», 1997 a. P. 146–153. (In Russ.).
11. Tolstykh N.N. Ispol'zovanie metoda motivatsionnoi induktsii dlya izucheniya motivatsii i vremennoi perspektivy budushchego [Using the method of motivational induction to study the motivation and time perspective of the future]. Psikhologicheskaya diagnostika [Psychological diagnosis], 2005, no. 3, pp. 77–94. (In Russ.).
12. Tolstykh N.N. Razvitie vremennoi kompetentnosti kak vazhnaya zadacha professional'noi podgotovki spetsialistov v oblasti finansovogo biznesa [The development of temporary competence as an important task of professional training in the field of financial business]. Psikhologicheskie innovatsii v ekonomike i finansakh: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Psychological innovations in economics and finance: Proceedings of the international scientific-practical conference]. M.: FA, «Larkltd», 2009. P. 383–386. (In Russ.).
13. Khomik V.S. Deformatsiya sub"ektivnoi kartiny zhiznennogo puti pri rannei alkogolizatsii. Avtoref. diss. kand. psikhol. nauk [Deformation of the subjective picture of the life path during early alcoholism. Ph. D. (Psychology) Thesis]. Moscow, 1985. 24 p. (In Russ.).
14. Boniwell I. et al. A question of balance: Time perspective and well-being in British and Russian samples. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2010, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 24–40. doi:10.1080/17439760903271181
15. Abu-Rahma A., Jaleel B. Influence of managers’ time orientation on strategic practices in the UAE. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2017, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 219–237. doi:10.1108/IJoEM-01-2015-0011
16. Atkinson J.W. Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior. Psychological Review, 1957, vol. 64, no. 6, Pt. 1, pp. 359–372. doi:10.1037/h0043445
17. Bajec B. Relationship between time perspective and job satisfaction. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 2018, vol. 8, no. 1–2, p. 145–165. doi:10.1504/IJHRDM.2018.092294
18. Barndt R.J., Johnson D.M. Time orientation in delinquents. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1955, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 343–345. doi:10.1037/h0048130
19. Berlyne D.E. ’Interest’ as a psychological concept [Elektronnyi resurs]. The British Journal of Psychology, 1949, vol. 39, p. 184–195. URL: https://search.proquest.com/openview/622cac86cccb89b8a7f5fc485799bbd6/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1818401 (Accessed 05.06.2019).
20. Cernas-Ortiz D.A., Davis M.A. Future and past negative time perspective influences on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Mexico and the United States. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 2016, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 317–338. doi:10.1108/MRJIAM-04-2016-0665
21. Cernas-Ortiz D.A., Mercado-Salgado P., Davis M.A. Future time perspective, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment: The mediating effect of self-efficacy, hope, and vitality. Journal of work and organizational psychology-revista de psicologia del trabajo y de las organizaciones, 2018, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 1–9.
22. Wigfield A. et al. Change in competence beliefs and subjective task values across the elementary school years: A 3-year study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1997, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 451–469. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.89.3.451
23. David A., Kidder C., Reich M. Time orientation in male and female juvenile delinquents. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1962, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 239–240. doi:10.1037/h0042683
24. De Volder M., Lens W. Academic achievement and future time perspective as a cognitive-motivational concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1982, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 566–571. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.42.3.566
25. Santilli S. et al. Design My Future: An Instrument to Assess Future Orientation and Resilience. Journal of Career Assessment, 2015, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 281–295. doi:10.1177/1069072715621524
26. Simons M. et al. Does Age Make a Difference? Age as Moderator in the Association Between Time Perspective and Happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2016, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 57–67.
27. Eccles J.S. et al. Expectancies, values, and academic behaviors. Achievement and achievement motivation. SanFrancisco, CA: W. H. Freeman, 1983, pp. 75–146.
28. Susnea I. et al. Exploring the value of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory as predictor of academic outcomes. IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 2018, pp. 238–242. doi:10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363234
29. Hulleman C.S., Harackiewicz J.M. Promoting interest and performance in high school science classes. Science, 2009, vol. 326, no. 5958, pp. 1410–1412. doi:10.1126/science.1177067
30. King R.B. Does your approach to time matter for your learning? The role of time perspectives on engagement and achievement. Educational Psychology, 2016, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 1264–1284. doi:10.1080/01443410.2015.1045835
31. Korff J., Biemann T., Voelpel S.C. Human resource management systems and work attitudes: The mediating role of future time perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2016, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 45–67. doi:10.1002/job.2110
32. Lagoutina Y. Perfectionism and time perspectives: An inquiry into the association between perfectionism subtypes and categorical time perspectives. Time & Society, 2016, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 286–304. doi:10.1177/0961463X15577280
33. Laureiro-Martinez D., Trujillo C.A., Unda J. Time Perspective and Age: A Review of Age Associated Differences. Frontiers in Psychology, 2017, vol. 8, no. 101, pp. 1–8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00101
34. Savickas M.L. et al. Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2009, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 239–250. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004
35. Margottini M. Applicazione di strumenti per l’autovalutazione di strategie di apprendimento e prospettiva temporale in ambito universitario. Journal of Educational, Cultural and Psychological Studies, 2017, vol. 1, no. 15, pp. 229–251. doi:10.7358/ecps-2017-015-marg
36. Mello Z.R., Worrell F.C. The past, the present, and the future: A conceptual model of time perspective in adolescence. In Stolarski M., Fieulaine N., van Beek W. (eds) Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application: Essays in Honor of Philip G. Zimbardo, / Eds.. New York: Springer, 2015, pp. 115–129.
37. Nuttin J. Motivationét Perspective d`Avenir. Louvain: Presses Universitaire de Louvain, 1980. 288 p.
38. Lomelí D.G. et al. Perspectiva Temporal de Estudiantes Universitarios Mexicanos y Colombianos. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnstico y Evaluacion Psicologica, 2018, vol. 1, no. 46, pp. 133–145.
39. Savickas M.L., Porfeli E.J. Career adapt-abilities scale: Construction, reliability, and measurementequivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2012, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 661–673. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.009
40. Shipp A.J., Cole M.S. Time in Individual-Level Organizational Studies: What Is It, How Is It Used, and Why Isn’t It Exploited More Often? Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2015, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 237–260. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111245
41. Shipp A.J., Edwards J.R., Lambert L.S. Conceptualization and measurement of temporal focus: The subjective experience of the past, present, and future. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2009, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.05.001
42. Taber B.J. Time Perspective and Career Decision-Making Difficulties in Adults. Journal of Career Assessment, 2012, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 200–209. doi:10.1177/1069072712466722
43. Waller M.J. et al. The effect of individual perceptions of deadlines on team performance. Academy of Management Review, 2001, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 586–600. doi:10.5465/amr.2001.5393894
44. Kunisch S. et al. Time in Strategic Change Research. Academy of Management Annals, 2017, vol. 11, no. 2, pp.1005–1064. doi:10.5465/annals.2015.0133
45. Valdesolo P., Shtulman A., Baron A. Science Is Awe-Some: The Emotional Antecedents of Science Learning. Emotion Review, 2017, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 215–221. doi:10.1177/1754073916673212
46. Wigfield A. Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation: A developmental perspective [Elektronnyi resurs]. Educational Psychology Review, 1994, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 49–78. URL: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF02209024.pdf (Accessed 05.06.2019).
47. Wigfield A., Eccles J. The development of achievement task values: A theoretical analysis. Developmental Review, 1992, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 265–310. doi:10.1016/0273-2297(92)90011-P
48. Zimbardo P.G., Boyd J.N. Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric [Elektronnyi resurs]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999, vol. 77, no. 6, pp. 1271–1288. URL: http://www.thetimeparadox.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/1999PuttingTimeinPerspective.pdf (Accessed 05.06.2019).