Comparative analysis of working memory tasks in fMRI and MEG studies

Context and relevance. To date, the study of brain correlates of working memory (WM) is associated with a number of theoretical as well as methodological difficulties. Firstly, substantially variable tasks are used to assess WM. Secondly, each neuroimaging method has its own characteristics and limitations. Objective. The aim of this paper was to systematize the tasks used to study the brain correlates of WM, as well as to analyze these paradigms in terms of the possibility and feasibility of their parallel use in fMRI and MEG studies, taking into account the specific requirements of both methods. Methods and materials. A literature search in the PubMed database identified 1,505 empirical studies published from 1995 to 2023 in which brain correlates of WM were studied using fMRI and/or MEG. The vast majority of them (1,398) used fMRI; 103 used MEG; 4 studies used both methods. Results. The analysis showed that the most frequently used tasks are the n-back task and the delayed match-to-sample task, including the Sternberg task. The considered tasks can use both verbal (e.g., letters, numbers, words, etc.) and non-verbal stimuli; they can be presented in different modalities (visual, auditory, and even tactile or vibrotactile). Conclusions. The features of these tasks and the possibility of their implementation in studies using fMRI and MEG are described.

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