Factors Influencing Expected Professional Longevity in Russia and Kazakhstan

Objective. To identify factors influencing the expected retirement age in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Background. Against the backdrop of the pension reform, which artificially increased the length of the working period of workers, as well as the recorded increase in average life expectancy, it is relevant to study the factors influencing professional longevity in Kazakhstan (where the pension reform has partially completed) and in Russia.
Study design. Cross-cultural study, comparative analysis of two groups equalized by calendar age. Statistics were used: regression analysis, Fisher's test, t-test for unrelated groups.
Participants. 474 people aged from 35 to 70 years. Residents of the Russian Federation: 249 people (of which 56% are women). Residents of the Republic of Kazakhstan: 225 people (of which 52% are women).
Measurements. Scale of expected retirement age, Questionnaire of personal resources, Questionnaire for assessing socio-demographic indicators, health indicators: subjective assessment of health, statistical balancing.
Results. In Russia the expected retirement age is: women – 54,9 years, men – 58,3 years, in Kazakhstan: women – 57,4 years; men – at 60,8 years. Plan to retire on time: in Kazakhstan 48% of men and 19% of women, in Russia 3% and 1%. To work beyond retirement age: in Russia: 5% of women and 5% of men, in Kazakhstan: 0% and 3%. The differences are significant.
Conclusions. The main factor in professional longevity is the state of health (objective and subjective). Having a family (Kazakhstan) and children (Russia) are important only for women, and they reduce professional longevity. Having interesting hobbies increases professional longevity among women in Russia, and partially among women in Kazakhstan. Living in a large city reduces expected professional longevity in Kazakhstan.

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