Modern Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Cognitive Disorders in Children and Adults

The article regards etiology and pathogenesis of some inherited mental diseases which are entailed frank cognitive disorders. It describes psychoneurological disorders during diseases such as neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, X-linked mentally retardation syndrome, Rett's syndrome. Their separation from the group of undifferential forms becomes available with improvement of genetic methods of analysis. Defining genes in which mutations entailed disorders in mental development gives an opportunity to create models of these disorders on animals and study their pathogenesis mechanisms. The article discusses approaches to therapy of cognitive disorders based on understanding of signal pathway functioning. It also presents first results of pathogeneticaly valid therapy.

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