Mental and Somatic Symptoms Associated with Emotional Burnout: A Systematic Review of Research

3

Abstract

This article analyzes the scientific literature devoted to the study of the relationship of emotional burnout with symptoms of cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, immune system disorders, depression, and cognitive impairments. Methods: review and analytical method. Articles published in Russian and English in the period up to December 2023 in eLibrary, CyberLeninka, GoogleScholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, ResearchGate were analyzed. Results: the analysis showed a link between emotional burnout and symptoms of cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and disorders of the immune system. Emotional burnout can also be associated with depression, asthenia, and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: mental and somatic symptoms associated with emotional burnout are highlighted.

General Information

Keywords: emotional burnout, professional burnout, stress, exhaustion, somatic symptoms, mental symptoms, diseases

Journal rubric: Theoretical Research

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2024130301

Received: 02.02.2024

Accepted:

For citation: Karpova E.B., Stupnikov A.S., Samerkhanova K.M., Mashkautsan J.A. Mental and Somatic Symptoms Associated with Emotional Burnout: A Systematic Review of Research [Elektronnyi resurs]. Klinicheskaia i spetsial'naia psikhologiia = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2024. Vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 5–22. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2024130301. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Domchenkova A.S. Sindrom emotsional'nogo «vygoraniya» — bolezn' nashego vremeni [Emotional burnout syndrome is a disease of our time]. In: T.I. Rudneva (Ed.). Obrazovanie v sovremennom mire: dostizheniya, vyzovy, perspektivy: sbornik nauchnykh trudov Vserossiiskoi nauchno-metodicheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem = Education in the modern world: achievements, challenges, prospects: Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific and methodological conference with international participation. Samara: Vash Vzglyad, 2020. Pp. 204–210. (In Russ.)
  2. Ivashkina O.A., Makeeva M.K. Tipichnye simptomy, vkhodyashchie v sindrom emotsional'nogo vygoraniya [Typical symptoms included in the burnout syndrome]. Endodontiya Today = Endodontics Today, Vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 305–311. DOI: 10.36377/1683-2981-2022-20-4-305-311 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
  3. Karpova E.B., Romanova E.A., Stupnikov A.S., Yampol'skii A.A. Rasprostranennost' sindroma emotsional'nogo vygoraniya vozhatykh v detskikh lageryakh [Prevalence of emotional burnout syndrome of counselors in children's camps]. In: A.V. Chernov, M.G. Yusupov (Eds.). Psikhologiya psikhicheskikh sostoyanii: sbornik materialov XVII Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii dlya studentov, magistrantov, aspirantov, molodykh uchenykh i prepodavatelei vuzov = Psychology of mental states: Proceedings of the XVII All-Russian scientific and practical conference for students, undergraduates, postgraduates, young scientists and university teachers. Kazan': Kazanskii universitet, 2023. Pp. 160–165. (In Russ.)
  4. Merzlyakova D.R. Osobennosti vospriyatiya ritma vnutrennego vremeni pri depressii i sindrome psikhicheskogo vygoraniya [Features internal rate of perception of time for depression and emotional burnout syndrome]. Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo Seriya: Pedagogika, psikhologiya = Science Vector of Togliatti State University. Series: Pedagogy, Psychology, 2012. No. 2 (9), pp. 189–193. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
  5. Polyanova L.M. Ispol'zovanie modelei emotsional'nogo intellekta v otsenke upravlencheskoi deyatel'nosti [The use of emotional intelligence models in the assessment of management practices]. Vestnik Rossiiskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Sotsiologiya = RUDN Journal of Sociology, 2014. No. 2, pp. 161–173. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
  6. Proskuryakova L.A., Trusova A.O. Emotsional'noe vygoranie i ego svyaz' s nevroticheskoi depressiei u sotrudnikov Federal'noi pozharnoi sluzhby [Emotional burnout and its connection with neurotic depression in employees of the federal fire service]. Sovremennaya nauka: aktual'nye problemy teorii i praktiki. Seriya: Poznanie = Modern Science: Actual problems of theory & practice, 2022. No. 2, pp. 45–49. DOI: 10.37882/2500-3682.2022.02.10 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
  7. Reshetova T.V., Mazurok V.A., Zhigalova T.N. Emotsional'noe vygoranie, asteniya i depressiya u meditsinskikh i sotsial'nykh rabotnikov — resursy korrektsii [Emotional burnout, asthenia and depression among medical and social workers — resources of correction]. Obozrenie psikhiatrii i meditsinskoi psikhologii = V.M. Bekhterev review of psychiatry and medical psychology, 2012. No. 3, pp. 105–111. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
  8. Sidorov P.I. Sindrom emotsional'nogo vygoraniya [Burnout syndrome]. Meditsinskaya Gazeta = Medical newspaper, 2005. No. 43, pp. 8–9. (In Russ.)
  9. Chutko L.S., Rozhkova A.V., Surushkina S.Yu. et al. Klinicheskie proyavleniya sindroma emotsional'nogo vygoraniya [Clinical manifestations of burnout]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova = S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2019. Vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 14–16. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911901114 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
  10. Alzahrani M.A., Alamri H.A., Alshehri M.A. et al. Assessing the relationship between burnout syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome among medical health providers and medical students in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medicine and Life, 2023. Vol. 16 (2), pp. 277–283. doi: 10.25122/jml-2022-0242
  11. Appels A., Schouten E. Burnout as a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Behavioral medicine, 1991. Vol. 17 (2), pp. 53–59. doi: 10.1080/08964289.1991.9935158
  12. Baptista M.N., Hauck-Filho N., Ferrari Cardoso H. The overlap between burnout and depression through a different lens: A multi-method study. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 2022. Vol. 10, art. 100437. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100437
  13. Canazei M., Bassa D., Jimenez P. et al. Gender differences in different dimensions of common burnout symptoms in a group of clinical burnout patients. Neuropsychiatry, 2018. Vol. 8, pp. 1967–1976. DOI: 10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000539
  14. Cholongitas E., Pipili C. Impact of burnout syndrome on gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome in health care workers. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2010. Vol. 71 (2), pp. 209–210. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09l05415whi
  15. Crudden G., Margiotta F., Doherty A.M. Physician burnout and symptom of anxiety and depression: Burnout in Consultant Doctors in Ireland Study (BICDIS). PLoS One, 2023. Vol. 18 (3), art. e0276027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276027
  16. Freudenberger H.J. Staff burn-out. Journal of Social Issues, 1974. Vol. 30 (1), pp. 159–165.
  17. Gerber M., Lindwall M., Lindegård A. et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness protects against stress-related symptoms of burnout and depression. Patient Education and Counseling, 2013. Vol. 93 (1), pp. 146–152. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.03.021
  18. Hammarström P, Rosendahl S, Gruber M, Nordin S. Somatic symptoms in burnout in a general adult population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2023. Vol. 168, art. 111217. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111217
  19. Hod K., Melamed S., Dekel R. et al. Burnout, but not job strain, is associated with irritable bowel syndrome in working adults. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Vol. 134, art. 110121. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110121
  20. Johnson T.V., Abbasi A., Master V.A. Systematic review of the evidence of a relationship between chronic psychosocial stress and C-reactive protein. Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, 2013. Vol. 17 (3), pp. 147–164. doi: 10.1007/s40291-013-0026-7
  21. Kitaoka-Higashiguchi K., Morikawa Y., Miura K. et al. Burnout and risk factors for arteriosclerotic disease: follow-up study. Journal of Occupational Health, 2009. Vol. 51 (2), pp. 123–131. doi: 10.1539/joh.l8104
  22. Lindegård A., Wastensson G., Hadzibajramovic E., Grimby-Ekman A. Longitudinal associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and stress-related exhaustion, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances. BMC Public Health, 2019. Vol. 19 (1), pp. 1726. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-8081-6
  23. Maslach C. A multidimensional theory of burnout. In: C.L. Cooper (Ed.). Theories of organizational stress. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Pp. 68–85. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198522799.003.0004
  24. Metlaine A., Sauvet F., Gomez-Merino D. et al. Sleep and biological parameters in professional burnout: A psychophysiological characterization. PLoS One, 2018. Vol. 13 (1), art. e0190607. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190607
  25. Mohren D.C., Swaen G.M., Kant I.J. et al. Common infections and the role of burnout in a Dutch working population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2003. Vol. 55 (3), pp. 201–208. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00517-2
  26. Mommersteeg P.M., Heijnen C.J., Kavelaars A., van Doornen L.J. Immune and endocrine function in burnout syndrome. Psychosomatic Medicine, 2006. Vol. 68 (6), pp. 879–886. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000239247.47581.0c
  27. Mommersteeg P.M., Heijnen C.J., Kavelaars A., van Doornen L.J. The HPA-axis and immune function in burnout. Progress in Brain Research, 2008. Vol. 167, pp. 281–285. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)67024-1
  28. Nakamura H., Nagase H., Yoshida M., Ogino K. Natural killer (NK) cell activity and NK cell subsets in workers with a tendency of burnout. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1999. Vol. 46 (6), pp. 569–578. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00009-4
  29. Ohman L., Nordin S., Bergdahl J., Slunga Birgander L., Stigsdotter Neely A. Cognitive function in outpatients with perceived chronic stress. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 2007. Vol. 33 (3), pp. 223–232. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1131
  30. Oosterholt B.G., Maes J.H.R., Van der Linden D. et al. Getting better, but not well: A 1.5 year follow-up of cognitive performance and cortisol levels in clinical and non-clinical burnout. Biological Psychology, 2016. Vol. 117, pp. 89–99. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.02.009
  31. Osterberg K., Karlson B., Hansen A.M. Cognitive performance in patients with burnout, in relation to diurnal salivary cortisol. Stress, 2009. Vol. 12 (1), pp. 70–81. doi: 10.1080/10253890802049699
  32. Pihlaja M., Peräkylä J., Erkkilä E. H. et al. Altered neural processes underlying executive function in occupational burnout-Basis for a novel EEG biomarker. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol. 17, art. 1194714. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1194714
  33. Sail D.B., De Sousa A. Neurobiological correlates of burnout. Telangana Journal of Psychiatry, 2021. Vol. 7 (2), pp. 87–93. DOI: 10.4103/tjp.tjp_44_21
  34. Schaufeli W., Enzmann D. The Burnout Companion to Study and Practice: A Critical Analysis (1st ed.). London: CRC Press, 1998. DOI: 10.1201/9781003062745
  35. Shirom A., Westman M., Shamai O., Carel R.S. Effects of work overload and burnout on cholesterol and triglycerides levels: the moderating effects of emotional reactivity among male and female employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1997. Vol. 2 (4), pp. 275–288. doi: 10.1037//1076-8998.2.4.275
  36. Tavella G., Parker G. Distinguishing burnout from depression: An exploratory qualitative Psychiatry Research, 2020. Vol. 291, art. 113212. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113212
  37. Toker S., Shirom A., Shapira I. et al. The association between burnout, depression, anxiety, and inflammation biomarkers: C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in men and women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2005. Vol. 10 (4), pp. 344–362. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.10.4.344
  38. Weber A., Jaekel-Reinhard A. Burnout syndrome: a disease of modern societies? Occupational Medicine, 2000. Vol. 50 (7), pp. 512–517. doi: 10.1093/occmed/50.7.512

Information About the Authors

Elvira B. Karpova, PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology of Crisis and Extreme Situations, Faculty of Psychology, Saint-Petersburg State University, St.Petersburg, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-9132, e-mail: e.karpova@spbu.ru

Andrey S. Stupnikov, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Psychology of Crisis and Extreme Situations, Saint Petersburg State University, St.Petersburg, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2987-7687, e-mail: andrei1996991@gmail.com

Kamilla M. Samerkhanova, 5th year student, Department of Psychology of Crisis and Extreme Situations, Faculty of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, St.Petersburg, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-2416, e-mail: st089367@student.spbu.ru

Julia A. Mashkautsan, student, Saint Petersburg State University, St.Petersburg, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6203-7842, e-mail: julia.mashkautsan@yandex.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 10
Previous month: 0
Current month: 10

Downloads

Total: 3
Previous month: 0
Current month: 3