The Problem of Determination (SelfDetermination) of Behaviour in CulturalHistorical and Existential Psychology

The paper provides a comparison between the forms of mental determination (self-determination) in cultural-historical and existential approaches taking into account their philosophical and methodological foundations. For cultural-historical psychology, the idea of time_related (historical) character of object_ and activity specific cultural achievements that are individually acquired was of key importance. The non-classical nature of Vygotsky's psychology has much to do with the 'balance of uncertainty' that is revealed in the interrelation between two worlds: the 'big' world of culture and the 'small' psychological world of human personality. Within the cultural-historical context self-determination of behaviour is perceived as its freedom and voluntariness determined by culture and stimuli-means'. The highly innovative character of this approach can also be seen in the explanations of personality alienation if one sets simulacra as 'stimuli--means'. The paper also analyses the existential conception of 'absolute' personality freedom as derivative of its 'existence-in-the-world'; in this conception, the separation of individual existence from being is understood as alienation. Finally, the paper compares the conception of the 'image of the world' in A.N. Leontiev's theory and existential approaches and offers some new materials on the subject.

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