Psychological Characteristics of the Manifestation of Civil Position in Early and Late Youth

The problem of civil position formation is one of the most important tasks of the state and society. There are not enough references to the studies of the specifics and forms of civic activity in the psychological literature. The aim of this research is to study the psychological aspects of citizenship manifestation in early and late youth. The hypothesis was the assumption that the indicators of the civic activity formation increase during the transition from early adolescence to youth and decrease in the period of late adulthood. The study involved 729 subjects (217 boys and 512 girls). The research method is an ascertaining experiment using the "Models of measurement of citizenship: diagnostics of civic activity" questionnaire. On the basis of the obtained results, we can make the conclusion about the formation of the civil position of schoolchildren and students, their active attitude to social reality. The results of the experiment allow us to state that the highest level of development has the parameter of civic activity "the presence of moral guidelines", which decreases in late youth. The presented study can serve as a basis for further study of the issue of civic activity and its psychological regularity. The obtained results can be useful for further practical development, as well as used in training courses on pedagogical psychology and developmental psychology.

1. Brodovskaya E.V., Dombrovskaya A.Yu., Pyrma R.V., Azarov A.A. Gotovnost' sovremennoi rossiiskoi molodezhi k realizatsii grazhdanskoi I politicheskoi aktivnosti v tsifrovoi srede [The readiness of modern Russian youth to implementftion of civic and political activity in the digital environment]. Vlast' [The Authority], 2019. Vol. 27 (1), pp. 91–95. doi: 10.31171/vlast.v27i1.6233.
2. Voloboeva N.N. Sotsial'no-pedagogicheskie usloviya stanovleniya aktivnoi grazhdanskoi pozitsii podrostkov v sovremennoi shkole: Dis. … kand. ped. nauk [Social and pedagogical conditions of forming of active civil position of teenagers in modern school. Ph. D. (Pedagogy) Thesis]. Omsk, 2008. 241 p.
3. Eliasberg N.I. (ed.), Grazhdansko-pravovoe obrazovanie I vospitatel'nyi potentsial kursov istorii: sbornik statei [Civil education and the nurture potential of the history courses: a collection of articles]. Sankt-Peterburg: Soyuz, 2004. 51 p.
4. Kasamara V.A. Politicheskoe soznanie podrostkov: blagopoluchnye shkol'niki vs deti ulits [Political counsciousness of adolescent: successful pupils vs street children]. Polis: politicheskie issledovaniya [Polis Journal. Political studies], 2009, no. 6, pp. 68–82.
5. Kirillov D.V. Formirovanie grazhdanskoi pozitsii starsheklassnikov v obuchenii gumanitarnym distsiplinam: Dis. ... kand. ped. nauk [Forming of civil position of high school students in teaching Humanities. Ph. D. (Pedagogy) Thesis]. Volgograd, 2005. 208 p.
6. Kobeleva T.I. Formirovanie grazhdanskoi pozitsii uchashchikhsya starshikh klassov sredstvami sotsial'nogo proektirovaniya: Dis. … kand. ped. nauk [Forming of civil position of high school students by means of social design. Ph. D. (Pedagogy) Thesis]. Samara, 2006. 216 p.
7. Kochetova Yu.A., Klimakova M.V. Gendernye razlichiya v emotsional'nom intellekte u starshikh podrostkov [Gender differences in emotional intelligence in adolescence]. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskie issledovaniya [Psychological-Educational Studies], 2017. Vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 65–74. doi: 10.17759/psyedu.2017090407
8. Krymova D.A. Analiz osobennostei struktury grazhdanskoi pozitsii [Analysis of the structure of civil position]. Psikhologiya: traditsii i innovatsii: materialy Vtoroi Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii. (g. Samara, 20-23 marta 2016 g.) [Psychology: tradition and innovation: Proceedings of the Second International Scientific Conference]. Samara: OOO «Publ. ASGARD», 2016, pp. 29–32.
9. Kuznetsova Yu.V. Formirovanie grazhdanskoi pozitsii uchastnikov klubnykh ob"edinenii sredstvami sotsial'no-kul'turnoi deyatel'nosti [Forming of civic position of members of club associations by means of social and cultural activities]. Chelovek [Chelovek Journal], 2018, no. 2, 55 p.
10. Mikheikina T.A. Formirovanie grazhdanskoi pozitsii starsheklassnikov internatnykh uchrezhdenii. Diss. kand. ped. nauk. [Formation of civil position of senior pupils of boarding schools. Ph. D. (Pedagogy) Thesis.]. Saransk, 2009. 210 p.
11. Myasishchev V.N. Psikhologiya otnoshenii: izbrannye psikhologicheskie trudy [Psychology of relations: Selected psychological works]. Voronezh: Publ. NPO MODEK, 1998. 368 p.
12. Orestova V.R., Karabanova O.A. Metody issledovaniya identichnosti v kontseptsii statusov ego-identichnosti Dzh. Marsia [Methods of studying identity in identity statuses concept by J. Marcia]. Psikhologiya i shkola [Psychology and school], 2005, no. 1, pp. 39–90.
13. Popovich N.V. Stanovlenie grazhdanskoi pozitsii shkol'nikov starshego podrostkovogo vozrasta – uchastnikov detskikh obshchestvennykh ob"edinenii. Dis. kand. ped. nauk [The formation of the civil position of schoolchildren of older adolescented age and members of children's public associations. Ph. D. (Pedagogy) Thesis]. Omsk, 2009. 220 p.
14. Rubtsova N.V. Rol' sotsial'noi reklamy v formirovanii aktivnoi grazhdanskoi pozitsii studencheskoi molodezhi [Role of social advertising in citizenship education of student youth]. Vestnik BGU. Ekonomika i menedzhment [Bulletin of the Buryat State University. Economics and Management], 2018, no. 3, pp. 67–75.
15. Filonenko V.I., Mosienko O.S., Magranov A.S. Rol' shkoly v formirovanii grazhdanskoi aktivnosti studencheskoi molodezhi vuzov Dona [The role of school in the formation of civil activity of Don students]. Vlast' [The Authority], 2019, Vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 96–103. doi: 10.31171/vlast.v27i1.6234.
16. Shapovalenko I.V., Emel'yanova E.A. Grazhdanskaya pozitsiya v kontekste dostizheniya lichnostnoi zrelosti: krosskul'turnoe issledovanie studencheskoi molodezhi [Civic position in the context of achieving personal maturity: cross-cultural research of students]. In Obukhova L.F. (eds.), Gorizont yzrelosti. Sbornik nauchnykh statei [Horizons of maturity]. Moscow: Publ. GBOU VPO MGPPU, 2015. 246 p.
17. Caprara G.V. et al. Assessing civic moral disengagement: Dimensionality and construct validity. Personality and Individual Differences, 2009. Vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 504–509. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.027.
18. Flanagan C.A., Syvertsen A.K., Stout M.D. Civic Measurement Models: Tapping Adolescents’ Civic Engagement. CIRCLE Working Paper, 2007. Vol. 55. 40 p. URL: civicyouth.org/PopUps/WorkingPapers/WP55Flannagan.pdf (Accessed: 11.10.2017).