Parental Assessment of Safe Behaviour in Children of Primary School, Adolescent and Young Age

The article deals with the issue of studying safety behaviour in psychology from the point of view of factors that influence this phenomenon. It presents results of a research aimed at understanding how parents assess safe behaviour of their children with and without mental disorders depending on the child’s age. Our hypothesis was that parental assessments of their children’s personality traits associated with safe behaviours would differ according to the children’s age (primary school, adolescent and young age) and mental abilities. The study involved 204 subjects: 136 parents of children without mental disorders (128 females and 8 males) and 68 parents of children with mental disorders (58 females and 10 males).We used the semantic differential method: the parents were asked to assess their children’s personal qualities associated with safe behaviour. The semantic differential was formed with two-pole scales of antonymous adjectives that described personality traits in terms of safe behavior. The adjectives were divided into groups based on three assessment factors: Assessment, Strength, and Activity. The research findings allow us to assume that the age factor has no influence on the manifestation of personal features related to safe behaviour. Yet, mental disorders affect their formation in every assessment factor: Assessment (p≤0,001), Strength (p≤0,01), Activity (p≤0,001).The findings can be useful in creating programmes aimed at developing safe lifestyle both in healthy and mentally disabled children and adolescents.

1. Aleksnadrova Z.E.Slovar’ sinonimov russkogo yazyka: Prakticheskii spravochnik [Dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian Language]: Directory: Approx.11 000 synonymic chains.Edition 11, rev.and compl.Moscow: Publ.Rus.yaz., 2001.568 p.(In Russ.).
2. Bovina I.B., Dvoryanchikov N.V., Budykin S.V.Informatsionnaya bezopasnost’ detei v obydennom ponimanii roditelei i uchitelei [Information security of children in lay thinking of parents and teachers].Vestnik RUDN, seriya Pedagogika i psikhologiya=RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics, 2016, no.1, pp. 77—86.(In Russ.).
3. Bochaver A.A., Dokuka S.V., Sivak E.V., Smirnov I.B.Ispol’zovanie sotsial’nykh setei v internete i depressivnaya simptomatika u podrostkov [Elektronnyi resurs] [Internet Use and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: a Review].Klinicheskaia i spetsial’naia psikhologiia=Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2019.Vol.8, no.3, pp.1—18.DOI: 10.17759/psycljn.2019080301 (In Engl., abstr.in Russ.)
4. Budikin S.V., Dvoryanchikov N.V., Bovina I.B.Information safety of children and teenagers in representations of parents [Elektronnyi resurs].Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie PSYEDU. ru=Psychological Science and Education PSYEDU. ru, 2016.Vol.8, no.4, pp.117—126.DOI: 10.17759/ psyedu.2016080412.(In Russ., abstr.in Engl.)
5. Vorobyova N.Yu.Osobennosti sformirovannosti navykov bezopasnogo povedeniya v prirodnykh usloviyakh u podrostkov [Features of Safe Behavior Skills Formation in Teenagers Natural Conditions].Vestnik Sovremennyh Issledovanij=Bulletin of Current Researches, 2019, no.4.1 (31), pp.17—20.(In Russ.).
6. Danilova M.V., Rykman L.V.Psikhoemotsional’noe blagopoluchie i osobennosti samorazvitiya podrostkov s raznym semeinym statusom [Psychoemotional Well-being and Features of Self-Development of Teenagers with Different Family Status].Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie=Psychological Science and Education, 2018.Vol.23, no.5, pp.40—50.DOI: 10.17759/ pse.2018230505.(In Russ., аbstr.in Engl.)
7. Dolzhanskaya N.A., Buzina T.S., Andreev S.A., Lozovskaya I.S., Lenskaya E.V.Rol’ Semeynogo faktora v formirovanii zdorovogo obraza zhizni podrostkov [Role of Family Factor in Forming Healthy Lifestyle of Teenagers].Voprosy Narkologii=Addiction issues, 2003.no.4, pp.51—58.(In Russ.).
8. Efremova T.F. Novyi slovar’ Russkogo Yazyka.Tolkovo-slovoobrazovatelnyi [New Dictionary of the Russian Language.Definitions and Word Formation].Moscow: Publ.Rus.yaz., 2000.Vol.2.1209 p.
9. Kalashnikova A.S., Shalunova A.D.Osobennosti predstavlenii roditelei o pravovoi sotsializatsii detei.[Parents representations of the legal socialization of children [Elektronnyi resurs].Psikhologicheskaya Nauka i Obrazovanie PSYEDU.ru=Psychological Science and Education PSYEDU.ru, 2014, no.3.Available at: http:// psyedu.ru/journal/2014/3/Kalashnikov_Shalunova.phtml (Accessed 11.08.2019).(In Russ., Abstr.in Engl.)
10. Kiriukhina D.V.Cyberbullying among Young Users of Social Networks [Elektronnyi resurs].Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology=Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psikhologiya, 2019.Vol.8, no.3, pp. 53—59.DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2019080306 (In Russ.; Abstr.in Engl.).
11. Kislyakov P.A., Feofanov V.N., Udodov A.G., Silaeva O.A.Napravleniya issledovanii sotsial’no-psikhologicheskoi bezopasnosti detei c narusheniyami intellekta.[Research Areas of Socio-Psychological Safety of Children with Intellectual Disabilities].Uchenye zapiski Rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo sotsial’nogo universiteta=Scientific Notes of Russian State Social University, 2016.Vol.15, no.4 (137), pp.34—41.DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2016-15-4-34-41.(In Russ.).
12. Knyazeva E.V.Internet kak sreda obitaniya detei: metodologicheskie i eticheskie problemy issledovaniya [The internet as children’s surrounding medium: methodological and ethical problems of research].PRIMO ASPECTU, 2016, no.2 (26), pp.29—35.(In Russ.).
13. Kolosova T.A., Korsakov A.V.Vzaimosvyaz’ otnosheniya k roditelyam i zashchitno-sovladayushchego povedeniya u detei i podrostkov s umstvennoi otstalost’yu [The relationship toward parents and protective-coping behavior in children and adolescents with mental retardation].Problemy Sovremennogo Pedagogicheskogo Obrazovaniya=Problems of Modern Pedagogical Education, 2016.no.52—5, pp.425—431.(In Russ.).
14. Kostina L.M.Rabota s roditelyami dlya psikhologicheskoi bezopasnosti lichnosti detei [Working with parents to the psychological security of the person children].Natsional’naya Assotsiatsiya Uchenykh=National Association of Scientists, 2015, no. VI (11), pp.67—68.(In Russ.).
15. Matveenko O.V.Predstavleniya o bezopasnosti kak osnova vzaimodeistviya roditelei s det’mi mladshego shkol’nogo vozrasta [Perception of security as a basis for the interaction of parents with children of primary school age].Proryvnye nauchnye issledovaniya: problemy zakonomernosti, perspektivy [Breakthrough Researches: Issues, Patterns, Prospects]: collection of articles of IX International Scientific and Practical Conference in 4 parts.Part 4.Penza: Nauka i Prosveshcheniye International Centre of Scientific Cooperation, 2017, pp.207—209.
16. Minaeva N.G., Mironova E.V.Izuchenie gotovnosti k bezopasnomu povedeniyu v situatsiyakh kriminal’nogo kharaktera u umstvenno otstalykh podrostkov [Studying of readiness for safe behaviour in situations of criminal character at mentally retarded teenagers].Problemy Sovremennogo Pedagogicheskogo Obrazovaniya=Problems of modern pedagogical education, 2018, no.59-4, pp.96—100.(In Russ.).
17. Murtazin A.R., Yakimova E.A.Osobennosti formirovaniya gotovnosti podrostkov k bezopasnomu povedeniyu v usloviyakh povsednevnoi deyatel’nosti [Features of Safe Behavior Readiness Formation by Teenagers in Daily Activities Conditions].Vestnik Nauki i Tvorchestva=Bulletin of science and creativity, 2017, no.5 (17), pp.57—62.(In Russ.).
18. Pogodina M.V., Khanova T.G.Povyshenie kompetentnosti roditelei v oblasti formirovaniya kul’tury bezopasnosti zhiznedeyatel’nosti detei doshkol’nogo vozrasta [Increasing the skills of parents in the formation of culture of safety of preschool children].Nauka i Praktika Regionov=Science and practice of the regions, 2019, no.2-15, pp.126—132.(In Russ.).
19. Slovar’ Russkogo Yazyka [Dictionary of the Russian Language]: in 4 volumes / RAS, Institute of Linguistic Research; Ed.by A.P.Yevgenyeva.Moscow: Russkiy Yazyk Publishing House, 1999.736 p.
20. Smirnova E.O., Smirnova S.Yu., Sheina E.G.Roditel’skie strategii v ispol’zovanii det’mi tsifrovykh tekhnologii [Elektronnyi resurs].[Parents’ strategies to use of digital technology by children].Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psikhologiya=Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology, 2019.Vol.8, no.4, pp.79—87.DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2019080408 (In Russ.; Abstr.in Engl.).
21. Soldatova G.U., Rtishcheva М.А., Teslavskaya О.I., Novbari Е.V., Shlyapnikov V.N.Osnovy bezopasnogo ispolzovaniya Interneta Detmi i Podrostkami: Rekomendatsii dlya Roditeley [Basics of Safe Internet Surfing for Children and Teenagers: Advice for Parents].Akademicheskii Vestnik=Academic Bulletin, 2017.Vol. 3 (25), pp.105—115.(In Russ.).
22. Sorokina L.A.Sostoyanii gotovnosti podrostkov k bezopasnomu povedeniyu v povsednevnoi zhizni [Readiness of Teenagers for Safe Behaviour in Everyday Life].Innovatsionnye proekty i programmy v obrazovanii=Innovative Projects and Programs in Education, 2011, no.3, pp.70—74.(In Russ.).
23. Agbenyega J.S., Deku P.Using a modified version of locus of control scale to explore children with disabilities’ perceived vulnerability to physical and sexual assault in three special schools in Ghana.Cogent Social Sciences, 2016.Vol.2, pp.1—12.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2 3311886.2016.1256751
24. Buehler Ch.Family Processes and Children’s and Adolescents’ Well-Being.Journal of Marriage and Family, 2020.Vol.82, pp.145—174.DOI:10.1111/ jomf.12637
25. Cohn L.D., Macfarlane S., Yanez C., Imai W.K.Risk-perception: Differences between Adolescents and Adults.Health Psychology, 1995.Vol.14 (3), pp. 217— 222.
26. Gül H., Fırat S., Sertçelik M., Gül A., Gürel Yu., Günay Kılıç B.Cyberbullying among a clinical adolescent sample in Turkey: effects of problematic smartphone use, psychiatric symptoms, and emotion regulation difficulties.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacologyм, 2019.Vol.29 (4), pp.547— 557.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2018.147 2923
27. Kislyakov P.A., Shmeleva E.A., Karaseva T.V., Silaeva O.A.Monitoring of Education Environment according to the Social-Psychological Safety Criterion.Asian Social Science, 2014.Vol.10 (17), pp.285—291.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n17p285
28. Marino C., Marci T., Ferrante L., Altoè G., Vieno A., Simonelli A., Caselli G.and Spada M.M.Attachment and Problematic Facebook Use in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Metacognitions.Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2019.Vol.8 (1), pp.63—78.DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.07
29. Obradovic-Tomasevic B., Santric-Milicevic M., Vasic V., Vukovic D., Sipetic-Grujicic S., Bjegovic- Mikanovic V., Terzic-Supic Z., Tomasevic R., Todorovic J.and Babic U.Prevalence and Predictors of Violence Victimization and Violent Behavior Among Youths: a Population-Based Study in Serbia.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019.Vol.16, pp.1—18.DOI:10.3390/ ijerph16173203
30. Piccoli V., Carnaghi A., Grassi M., Stragà M., Bianch M.Cyberbullying Through the Lens of Social Influence: Predicting Cyberbullying Perpetration from Perceived Peer-Norm, Cyberspace Regulations and Ingroup Processes.Computers in Human Behavior, 2020.Vol.102, pp.260—273.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.001
31. Useche S., Alonso F., Montoro L.et al.More Aware, More Protected: a Cross-Sectional Study on Road Safety Skills Predicting the Use of Passive Safety Elements Among Spanish Teenagers.BMJ Open, 2019.Vol.9, pp.1—11.DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035007