Relation between Self-Focused Attention and Sensitivity to Distortions of Own Face

7

Abstract

90 volunteers (62 women), aged from 18 to 38 years participated in an experimental task of own face recognition in morphed images. The aim of the study was to examine the test-retest reliability of self-face recognition test scores, the concurrent validity of test scores with self-focused attention, depression, anxiety, negative expressivity and personality, and a comparison of test scores by participant sex. An increased sensitivity to distortions of own face on retesting was found. Females were more sensitive to distortions of own face. Extraversion was positively correlated with self-face recognition test scores. The scales of public and private self-consciousness and negative expressivity correlated negatively with measures of the self-face recognition test, suggesting that people with high scores on these scales are more sensitive to facial distortions and refuse to recognize themselves in distorted images.

General Information

Keywords: Self-focused attention, morphed images, test-retest reliability, negative expressivity, private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, extraversion

Journal rubric: Face Science

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2024170304

Funding. The reported study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project number 22-15-00142.

Received: 26.04.2023

Accepted:

For citation: Bocharov A.V., Savostyanov A.N., Rudych P.D., Saprygin A.E., Tamozhnikov S.S., Knyazyev G.G. Relation between Self-Focused Attention and Sensitivity to Distortions of Own Face. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2024. Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 52–67. DOI: 10.17759/exppsy.2024170304. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Bocharov A.V., Lebedkin D.A., Savost'yanov A.N., Knyazev G.G. Validizatsiya russkikh versii oprosnikov: «shkala fokusa vnimaniya na sebe» i «shkala samosoznaniya» [Adaptation of Russian versions of Self-focused attention scale and Self-consciousness scale]. Rossiiskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal = Russian psychological journal, 2023. Vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 97—115. DOI:10.21702/rpj.2023.3.5 (In Russ.).
  2. Velichkovskij B.B., Sultanova F.R., Tatarinov D.V. Jeksplicitnaja i implicitnaja obrabotka negativnyh i nejtral'nyh jekspressij lica pri depressii [Explicit and implicit processing of facial expressions in depression]. Jeksperimental'naja psihologija = Experimental psychology, 2021. Vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 24—36. DOI:10.17759/exppsy.2021140202 (In Russ.).
  3. Orlova A.V. Osobennosti samovospriyatiya litsa. Izvestiya Rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A.I. Gertsena, 2008. Vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 213—216. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-samovospriyatiya-litsa/viewer (Accessed 24.04.2023). (In Russ.).
  4. Knyazev G.G., Mitrofanova L.G., Bocharov A.V. Validizatsiya russkoi versii markerov faktorov bol'shoi pyaterki iz mezhdunarodnogo pula lichnostnykh voprosov Gol'dberga [Validization of Russian version of Goldberg's " Big-Five Factor Markers]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal = Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 2010. Vol. 31, pp. 100—110. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273577116_Validization_of_Russian_version_of_Goldberg's_Big-Five_Factor_Markers (Accessed 24.04.2023). (In Russ.).
  5. Knyazev G.G., Mitrofanova L.G., Razumnikova O.M., Barchard K. Adaptatsiya russkoyazychnoi versii oprosnika emotsional'nogo intellekta Barchard [Аdaptation of Russian language version of K. Barchard’sEmotional intelligence questionnaire]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal = Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 2012. Vol. 33, pp. 112—120. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17964548 (Accessed 24.04.2023). (In Russ.).
  6. Khanin Yu.L. Kross-kul'turnye perspektivy diagnostiki individual'nykh razlichii. Voprosy psikhologii = Voprosy Psychologii, 1989. Vol. 4, pp. 118—125. URL: http://www.voppsy.ru/issues/1989/894/894118.htm (Accessed 24.04.2023). (In Russ.).
  7. Bailenson J.N., Iyengar S., Yee N., Collins N.A. Facial similarity between voters and candidates causes influence. Public opinion quarterly, 2008. Vol. 72, 5, pp. 935—961. DOI:10.1093/poq/nfn064
  8. Beck A.T., Steer R.A., Ball R., Ranieri W.F. Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and-II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of personality assessment, 1996. Vol. 67, 3, pp. 588—597. DOI:10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13
  9. Bögels S.M., Alberts M., de Jong P.J. Self-consciousness, self-focused attention, blushing propensity and fear of blushing. Personality and Individual Differences, 1996. Vol. 21, 4, pp. 573—581. DOI:10.1016/0191-8869(96)00100-6
  10. Bocharov A.V., Knyazev G.G., Savostyanov A.N. Depression and implicit emotion processing: An EEG study. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 2017. Vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 225—230. DOI:10.1016/j.neucli.2017.01.009
  11. Broesch T., Callaghan T., Henrich J., Murphy C., Rochat P. Cultural variations in children’s mirror self-recognition. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2011. Vol. 42, no. 6, 1018—1029. DOI:10.1177/0022022110381
  12. Carver C.S., Scheier M.F. Perspectives on personality (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2000.
  13. DeBruine L.M. Trustworthy but not lust-worthy: Context-specific effects of facial resemblance. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2005. Vol. 272, no. 1566, pp. 919—922. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2004.3003
  14. Duval S., Wicklund R. A theory of objective self-awareness. New York: Academic Press, 1972.
  15. Gallup Jr. G.G., Anderson J.R., Shillito D.J. The mirror test. The cognitive animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition / In M. Bekoff, C. Allen, G. Burghardt (eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002. Pp. 325—333. DOI:10.7551/mitpress/1885.003.0046
  16. Goldberg L.R., Johnson J.A., Eber H.W., Hogan R., Ashton M.C., Cloninger C.R., Gough H.G. The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in personality, 2006. Vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 84—96. DOI:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.007
  17. Greenwald A.G., McGhee D.E., Schwartz J.L.K. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of personality and social psychology, 1998. Vol. 74, 1464—1480. DOI:10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1464
  18. Holland C.A., Ebner N.C., Lin T., Samanez-Larkin G.R. Emotion identification across adulthood using the Dynamic FACES database of emotional expressions in younger, middle aged, and older adults. Cognition and emotion, 2019. Vol. 33, no. 2, 245—257. DOI:10.1080/02699931.2018.1445981
  19. Ingram R.E. Self-focused attention in clinical disorders: Review and a conceptual modal. Psychological Bulletin, 1990. Vol. 107, pp. 156—176. DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.156
  20. Keenan J.P., Rubio J., Racioppi C., Johnson A., Barnacz A. The right hemisphere and the dark side of consciousness. Cortex, 2005. Vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 695—704. DOI:10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70286-7
  21. Kircher T.T., Senior C., Phillips M.L., Rabe-Hesketh S., Benson P.J., Bullmore E.T., Brammer M., Simmons A., Bartels M., David A.S. Recognizing one's own face. Cognition, 2001. Vol. 78, no. 1, 1—15. DOI:10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00104-9
  22. Kikvidze Z., Moya-Laraño J. Unexpected failures of recommended tests in basic statistical analyses of ecological data. Web Ecology, 2008. Vol. 8, 1, pp. 67—73. DOI:10.5194/we-8-67-2008
  23. Krause F.C., Linardatos E., Fresco D.M., Moore M.T. Facial emotion recognition in major depressive disorder: A meta-analytic review. Journal of affective disorders, 2021. Vol. 293, 320—328. DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.053
  24. Mor N., Winquist J. Self-focused attention and negative affect: a meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 2002. Vol. 128, no. 4, 638—659. DOI:10.1037//0033-2909.128.4.638638
  25. Platek S.M., Wathne K., Tierney N.G., Thomson J.W. Neural correlates of self-face recognition: an effect-location meta-analysis. Brain research, 2008. Vol. 1232, 173—184. DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.010
  26. Price S.A., Beech A.R., Mitchell I.J., Humphreys G.W. “The promises and perils of the emotional Stroop task: A general review and considerations for use with forensic samples”. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 2012. Vol. 18, no. 3, 253—268. DOI:10.1080/13552600.2010.545149
  27. Pyszczynski T., Hamilton J.C., Greenberg J., Becker S.E. Self-awareness and psychological dysfunction // Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective / Pergamon Press, 1991. Pp. 138—157. URL: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/157/ (Accessed 04.2023).
  28. Scheier M.F., Carver C.S. The Self‐Consciousness Scale: A revised version for use with general populations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1985. Vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 687—699. DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1985.tb02268.x
  29. Schlenker B.R., Leary M.R. Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 1982. Vol. 92, 641—669. DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641
  30. Spielberger C.D., Gorsuch R.L., Lushene R.E. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1970.
  31. Stuhrmann A., Suslow T., Dannlowski U. Facial emotion processing in major depression: a systematic review of neuroimaging findings. Biology of mood & anxiety disorders, 2011. Vol. 1, no. 1, 1—17. DOI:10.1186/2045-5380-1-10
  32. Tanner R.J., Maeng A. A tiger and a president: Imperceptible celebrity facial cues influence trust and preference. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 769—783. DOI:10.1086/665412
  33. Todorov A., Mandisodza A.N., Goren A., Hall C.C. Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes. Science, 2005. Vol. 308, no. 5728, 1623—1626. DOI:10.1126/science.1110589
  34. Todorov A., Olivola C.Y., Dotsch R., Mende-Siedlecki P. Social attributions from faces: Determinants, consequences, accuracy, and functional significance. Annual review of psychology, 2015. Vol. 66, 519—545. DOI:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143831
  35. Tottenham N., et al. The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants. Psychiatry research, 2009. Vol. 168, 3, pp. 242—249. DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.006
  36. Uddin L.Q., Kaplan, J.T., Molnar-Szakacs I., Zaidel E., Iacoboni M. Self-face recognition activates a frontoparietal “mirror” network in the right hemisphere: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage, 2005. Vol. 25, no. 3, 926—935. DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.018
  37. Uddin L.Q., Iacoboni M., Lange C., Keenan J.P. The self and social cognition: the role of cortical midline structures and mirror neurons. Trends in cognitive sciences, 2007. Vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 153—157. DOI:10.1016/j.tics.2007.01.001
  38. Verosky S.C., Todorov A. When physical similarity matters: Mechanisms under lying affective learning generalization to the evaluation of novel faces. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2013. Vol. 49, pp. 661—669. DOI:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.02.004
  39. Wood J.V., Dodgson P. When is self-focused attention an adaptive coping response? Rumination and overgeneralization versus compensation. Cognitive interference: Theories, methods, and findings / In I.G. Sarason, G.R. Pierce, B.R. Sarason. (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1996. Pp. 231—260.

Information About the Authors

Andrey V. Bocharov, PhD in Biology, Senior Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine», Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-3280, e-mail: bocharovav@neuronm.ru

Alexander N. Savostyanov, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in Biology, Professor, Leading Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine», Head of the Laboratory of Psychological Genetics of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Professor of the Department of Fundamental and Applied Linguistics of the Humanitarian Institute of Novosibirsk state University, Novosibirsk, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-2901, e-mail: Alexander.Savostyanov@gmail.com

Pavel D. Rudych, Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine», Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-6931, e-mail: pavel.rudych@gmail.com

Alexander E. Saprygin, Junior Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine», Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6789-2953, e-mail: saprigyn@mail.ru

Sergey S. Tamozhnikov, Junior Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine», Novosibirsk, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-861X, e-mail: s.tam@physiol.ru

Gennady G. Knyazyev, Doctor of Biology, Head of Laboratory of Differential Psychophysiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine», Novosibirsk, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8628-4678, e-mail: knyazevgg@neuronm.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 57
Previous month: 40
Current month: 17

Downloads

Total: 7
Previous month: 6
Current month: 1