On the problem of cross-cultural differences in cognitive processes

1608

Abstract

The theoretical and empirical aspects of cross-cultural differences in cognitive processes are discussed. The results of empirical study, that showed differences between inhabitants of Tuva and Moscow in the process of comparing images were presented. Cross-cultural differences related to the degree of influence of perceptual context on subjective assessments and verbalization of similarities of objects.

General Information

Keywords: comparison, similarity, individual differences, verbalization

Journal rubric: Cognitive Psychology

Article type: scientific article

For citation: Samoylenko E.S., Galanichev P.A., Nosulenko S.V. On the problem of cross-cultural differences in cognitive processes. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2015. Vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 39–59. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Barrett L. F., Mesquita B., Gendron M. Context in emotion perception. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2011, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 286–290.
  2. Bond M. H., Leung K., Au A., Tong K. K., de Carrasquel S. R., Murakami F. et al. Culture-level dimensions of social axioms and their correlates across 41 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2004, vol. 35, pp. 548–570.
  3. Chiu L.-H. A cross-cultural comparison of cognitive styles in Chinese and American children. International Journal of Psychology, 1972, vol. 7, pp. 235–242.
  4. Chua H. F., Boland J. E., Nisbett R. E. Cultural variation in eye movements during scene perception. Proc. of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005, vol. 102, pp. 12629–12633.
  5. Cole M., Scribner S. Culture & thought: A psychological introduction. N.Y., John Wiley & Sons, 1974.
  6. Colzato L S., Beest I. V., van den Wildenberg W. P., Scorolli C., Dorchin S., Meiran N., Hommel B. God: Do I have your attention? Cognition, 2010a, vol. 117, no. 1, pp. 87–94.
  7. Colzato L. S., Hommel B., van den Wildenberg W., Hsieh S. Buddha as an eye opener: A link between prosocial attitude and attentional control. Frontiers in Psychology, 2010b, vol. 1, p. 156.
  8. Gardner W. L., Gabriel S., Lee A. Y. “I” value freedom, but “we” value relationships: Self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment. Psychological Science, 1999, vol. 10, pp. 321–326.
  9. Grossmann I., Varnum M. W. Social class, culture, and cognition. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2011, vol. 2, pp. 81–89.
  10. Hofstede G. H., Bond M. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions: An independent validation using Rokeach’s value survey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1984, vol. 15, pp. 417–433.
  11. Ji L.-J., Zhang Z., Nisbett R. E. Is it culture or is it language? Examination of language effects in cross-cultural research on categorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2004, vol. 87, pp. 57–65.
  12. Ji L. J., Peng K., Nisbett R. E. Culture, control, and perception of relationships in the environment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2000, vol. 78, pp. 943–955.
  13. Kenin-Lopsan M. B. Traditsionnaya kultura tuvintsev [Traditional culture of Tuva]. Tuva, Tuvinskoe knijnoe izdatelstvo Publ., 2006 (In Russ.).
  14. Kim H., Markus H. R. Deviance or uniqueness, harmony or conformity? A cultural analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999, vol. 77, p. 785.
  15. Kitayama S., Duffy S., Kawamura T., Larsen J. T. Perceiving an object and its context in different cultures: A cultural look at the New Look. Psychological Science, 2003, vol. 14, pp. 201–206.
  16. Markus H. R., Kitayama S. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 1991, vol. 98, pp. 224–253.
  17. Masuda T., Ellsworth P. C., Mesquita B., Leu J., Tanida S., Van de Veerdonk E. Placing the face in context: cultural differences in the perception of facial emotion. Journal of personality and social psychology, 2008, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 365–381.
  18. Masuda T., Gonzalez R., Kwan L., Nisbett R. E. Culture and aesthetic preference: Comparing the attention to context of East Asians and Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2008, vol. 34, pp. 1260–1275.
  19. Masuda T., Nisbett R. E. Attending holistically versus analytically: Comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001, vol. 81, pp. 922–934.
  20. Masuda T., Nisbett R. E. Culture and change blindness. Cognitive Science, 2006, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 381-399.
  21. Matsumoto D., Van de Vijver F. J. (Eds.). Cross-cultural research methods in psychology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  22. Matsumoto D., Yoo S. H. Toward a new generation of cross-cultural research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2006, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 234–250.
  23. Miyamoto Y. Culture and analytic versus holistic cognition: Toward multilevel analyses of cultural influences. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2013, vol. 47, pp. 131–188.
  24. Miyamoto Y., Nisbett R. E., Masuda T. Culture and the physical environment: Holistic versus analytic perceptual affordances. Psychological Science, 2006, vol. 17, pp. 113–119.
  25. Miyamoto Y., Yoshikawa S., Kitayama S. Feature and configuration in face processing: Japanese are more configural than Americans. Cognitive Science, 2011, vol. 35, pp. 563–574.
  26. Morling B., Lamoreaux M. Measuring culture outside the head: A meta-analysis of individualism-collectivism in cultural products. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2008, vol. 12, pp. 199–221.
  27. Nisbett R. E., Peng K., Choi I., Norenzayan A. Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 2001, vol. 108, pp. 291–310.
  28. Nosulenko V. N. Psychkophysika vospriyatiya estestvennoj sredy [Psychophysics of perception of natural environment]. Moscow, Institut psihologii RAN Publ., 2007. 400 p. (in Russ.).
  29. Nosulenko V. N., Samoylenko E. S. Sistemnyi analiz mezhlichnostnogo obscheniya: kontseptsii i modeli [Systemic analysis of interpersonal communication: Concepts and models]. Ideya sistemnosti v sovremennoy psikhologii [The idea of systems in modern Psychology], Moscow, IP RAS Publ., 2005, pp. 315–340 (in Russ.).
  30. Oyserman D., Coon H. M., Kemmelmeier M. Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 2002, vol. 128, pp. 3–72.
  31. Rivers W. H. R. Observations on the senses of the Todas. British Journal of Psychology, 1905, vol. 1, pp. 321–396.
  32. Roditcheva E. I. K probleme antonimii. Diss. kand. filol. nauk [On the problem of antonymy. Cand. Sci. (Philology) thesis]. Moscow, MSU Publ., 1976.
  33. Saalbach H., Imai M. Scope of Linguistic Influence: Does a Classifier System Alter Object Concepts? Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2007, vol. 136, no. 3, pp. 485–501.
  34. Samoylenko E. S. Problemy sravneniya v psykhologicheskom issledovanii [Problems of comparison in psychological research]. Moscow, Institut psihologii RAN Publ., 2010. 416 p. (in Russ.).
  35. Samoylenko E. S. Process sravneniya v systemakh poznaniya, obscheniya i lichnosti. Diss. dokt. psikhol. nauk [Process of comparison in systems of cognition, communication and personality. Dr. Sci. (Psychology) thesis]. Moscow, 2012. 523 p. (In Russ.).
  36. Samoylenko E. S., Melkumyan T. A. Sravnenie skhodnykh zritelnykh obektov v razlichnykh kontekstakh ikh predyavleniya [Comparison of similar visual objects in different contexts of their presentation]. Eksperimentalnaya psykhologiya [Experimental Psychology (Russia)], 2011, no.3, pp. 42–58 (In Russ.; abstr. in Engl.).
  37. Savani K., Stephens N. M., Markus H. R. A Cognitive Consequence of Choice: Selecting among Alternatives Promotes Analytic Thought and Decreased Attention to the Context. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2014, vol. 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00003-6.
  38. Varnum M. W., Grossmann I., Kitayama S., Nisbett R. E. The origin of cultural differences in cognition: The social orientation hypothesis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2010, vol. 19, pp. 9–13.
  39. Varnum M. E. W., Grossmann I., Katunar D., Nisbett R. E., Kitayama S. Holism in a European cultural context: Differences in cognitive style between Central and East Europeans and Westerners. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 2008, vol. 8, pp. 321–333.
  40. Witkin H. A., Dyk R. B., Faterson H. F., Goodenough D. R., Karp S. A. Psychological differentiation. Potomac, MD, Erlbaum, 1974.
  41. Zhang S., Schmitt B. Language-dependent classification: The mental representation of classifiers in cognition, memory, and ad evaluations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 1998, vol. 4, pp. 375–385.

Information About the Authors

Elena S. Samoylenko, Doctor of Psychology, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Cognitive Processes and Mathematical Psychology, Institute of Psychology of RAS, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-3903, e-mail: samoylenkoes@ipran.ru

P. A. Galanichev, Programmer, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: galanichev.p@gmail.com

Stanislav V. Nosulenko, National Research University The Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: stanislav.nosulenko@gmail.com

Metrics

Views

Total: 5873
Previous month: 26
Current month: 31

Downloads

Total: 1608
Previous month: 6
Current month: 4