The Selfie Phenomenon and Its Role in the Life of the Modern Teenager

660

Abstract

Objective. The stude presents a study aimed at clarifying the psychological meaning of the selfie phenomenon, the role of selfie in the life of modern teenagers. Materials and methods. The study involved 22 people, 13 girls and 9 boys, among them 17 high school students, aged 14—17, and 5 university students, aged 18—21. Interviews were conducted with the participants, and a discussion was organized regarding the issues of use and attitudes towards selfies. Processing of interview and discussion materials was carried out with the help of thematic and content analysis. Results. Various views on the psychological nature of the selfie, the reasons for its popularity among young people are considered. The author’s interpretation of the phenomenon of selfie in the context of the theory of «transitional object» by D.W. Winnicott and A. Langley’s existential analysis is presented. The paper shows that selfie is a new means of knowing oneself, building a true image of oneself through a virtual image of the body in the space between the image of the Self and reality.

General Information

Keywords: selfie phenomenon, adolescents, «transitional object», self-image

Journal rubric: Empirical Researches

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2022300107

Received: 11.10.2021

Accepted:

For citation: Pavlova N.V., Filippova E.V. The Selfie Phenomenon and Its Role in the Life of the Modern Teenager. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2022. Vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 109–131. DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2022300107. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Anufrieva K.V. Selfi kak forma proyavleniya nartsissizma lichnosti v sovremennom global’nom soobshchestve [Selfie as a form of manifestation of personality narcissism in the modern global community]. Vestnik TvGU, seriya «Filosofiya», 2014, Vol. 2, pp. 79—90.
  2. Bart R. Camera lucida. Kommentarii k fotografii [Camera lucida. Photo comment]. Moscow.: ad Marginem, 2011, 192 p. (In Russ.)
  3. Bykova E.A., Bagaeva L.V. Fenomen «selfi» v podrostkovoi srede [The phenomenon of «selfie» in adolescence]. Vestnik Shadrinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta, 2016, Vol. 4 (32), pp. 127—130.
  4. Vinnikott D.V. Perekhodnye ob”ekty i perekhodnye yavleniya: issledovanie pervogo «ne-ya»-predmeta [Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena: A Study of the First Not- I-Thing]. Antologiya sovremennogo psikhoanaliza, 2000, vol. 1, pp. 186—200. (In Russ.)
  5. Ershova R.V., Kiseleva N.N., Savel’ev S.V. Tsifrovoe obshchestvo kak kul’turno-istoricheskii kontekst razvitiya cheloveka [Digital Society as a Cultural and Historical Context of Human Development]. Sbornik nauchnykh statei i materialov mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii (Kolomna, 14—17 February 2018). Kolomna: GOU VO MO «GSGU», 2018, pp. 187—191.
  6. Zhuina D.V., Zhuina A.I. Osobennosti virtual’nogo obshcheniya podrostkov v sotssetyakh i ego vliyanie na ikh obshchenie v real’noi zhizni [Features of virtual communication of adolescents in social networks and its impact on their communication in real life]. Russian Journal of Education and Psychology, 2017, vol. 8, № 6—2, pp. 249—252. (In Russ.; abstr. in Engl.)
  7. Kvale S. Issledovatel’skoe interv’yu [Research interview]. Literatura,2003. Vol. 286, pp. 86—274. (In Russ.)
  8. Nurkova V.V., Kozyar G.N., Kakie vospominaniya my vybiraem? Kak tsifrovoi fotoapparat izmenyaet nashu pamyat’? [What memories do we choose? How does the digital camera change our memory?]. Zhurnal sotsial’no-gumanitarnykh issledovanii. [Journal of Social and Humanitarian Studies], 2012. Vol. 4, pp. 12—25.
  9. Odarushchenko O.I. Selfi i ego vliyanie na povedenie podrostkov (psikhologicheskii aspekt) [Selfie and its influence on the behavior of adolescents (psychological aspect)]. Tsifrovoe obshchestvo kak kul’turno-istoricheskii kontekst razvitiya cheloveka [Digital society as a cultural and historical context of human development], 2016, pp. 295—297.
  10. Pavlova N.V. Fenomen selfi i ego rol’ v zhizni sovremennogo podrostka [The selfie phenomenon and its role in the life of a modern teenager] N. V. Pavlova, E. V. Filippova. Sbornik trudov XIV Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Podrostok v megapolise: distantsionnoe vzroslenie» (Moscow, 06—08 April 2021). [Proceedings of the XIV International Scientific and Practical Conference «Teenager in the metropolis»]. Moscow: NIU VShE, 2021, pp. 114—117.
  11. Pavlova N.V. Fenomen selfi i ego rol’ v zhizni sovremennogo podrostka: diss.mag. psikhologii. Moskva, 2021. 83 p.
  12. Berlatsky N. Selfies are art [Elektronnyi resurs].The Atlantic, 2013, №. 22. URL:https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/11/selfies-are-art/281772/?utm_source=copy-link&utm_medium=social&utm_ campaign=share (Accessed 01.04.2020)
  13. Boon S., Pentney B. Selfies| virtual lactivism: Breastfeeding selfies and the performance of motherhood. International Journal of Communication. 2015. Vol. 9. P. 14.
  14. Boyd D. It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens. Yale University Press. 2015. 281 p.
  15. Brailovskaia J., Bierhoff H.W. Cross-cultural narcissism on Facebook: Relationship between self-presentation, social interaction and the open and covert narcissism on a social networking site in Germany and Russia. Computers in Human Behavior, 2016. Vol. 55, pp. 251—257. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.018
  16. Brand M., Laier C., Young K.S. Internet addiction: coping styles, expectancies, and treatment implications. Frontiers in psychology, 2014. Vol. 5, p. 1256. DOI: 10.3389/ fpsyg.2014.01256
  17. Bue A.C.C. The looking glass selfie: Instagram use frequency predicts visual attention to high-anxiety body regions in young women. Computers in Human Behavior. 2020. Vol. 108. pp. 106—329. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106329
  18. Buffardi L.E., Campbell W.K. Narcissism and social networking web sites. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 2008. Vol. 34, № 10, pp. 1303—1314. DOI: 10.1177/0146167208320061
  19. Carpenter C.J. Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior. Personality and individual differences, 2012. Vol. 52, № 4, pp. 482—486. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.011
  20. Carr N. The shallows: What the Internet is doing to our brains. NY: WW Norton & Company Publ, 2020. Pp. 159—200
  21. Cohen R. et al. Research Methods in Education. Oxford: Routledge, 2007. Pp. 230—240.
  22. Cohen R., Newton-John T., Slater A. Selfie-objectification: The role of selfies in self-objectification and disordered eating in young women. Computers in Human Behavior, 2018. Vol. 79, pp. 68—74. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.027
  23. Davenport S.W. et al. Twitter versus Facebook: Exploring the role of narcissism in the motives and usage of different social media platforms. Computers in Human Behavior, 2014. Vol. 32, pp. 212—220. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.12.011
  24. Definition of Selfie noun [Elektronnyi resurs]. The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. URL: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/ selfie?q=selfie (Accessed 01.10.2020).
  25. Diefenbach S., Christoforakos L. The Selfie Paradox: Nobody Seems to Like Them Yet Everyone Has Reasons to Take Them. An Exploration of Psychological Functions of Selfies in Self-Presentation. Frontiers in Psychology, 2017. Vol. 8, p. 7. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00007
  26. Eftekhar A., Fullwood C., Morris N. Capturing personality from Facebook photos and photo-related activities: How much exposure do you need? Computers in Human Behavior, 2014. Vol. 37, pp. 162—170. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.048
  27. Gibbons F.X., Gerrard M. Effects of upward and downward social comparison on mood states. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,1989. Vol. 8 (1), pp. 14—31. DOI: 10.1521/jscp.1989.8.1.14
  28. Gordon R.J. Does the “new economy” measure up to the great inventions of the past? Journal of economic perspectives, 2000. Vol. 14 (4), pp. 49—74.
  29. Guernsey L. You’ve Got Inappropriate Mail: Monitoring of Office E-mail is Increasing. New York Times, 5 April 2000. Section C. p. 1
  30. Kruszelnicki K. A brief history of the selfie [Elektronnyi resurs] Great Moments In Science, 2014. ABC Science. URL: http://www.abc.net.au/science/ articles/2014/08/12/4065062.htm (Accessed 01.04.2020)
  31. Längle A. Die Persönlichkeitsstörungen des Selbst — eine existenzanalytische Theorie der Persönlichkeitsstörungen der hysterischen Gruppe. Wien: Facultas, 2002. Pp. 127—156.
  32. Maddox J. «Guns Don’t Kill People… Selfies Do»: rethinking narcissism as exhibitionism in selfie-related deaths. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 2017. Vol. 34 (3), pp. 193—205. DOI: 10.1080/15295036.2016.1268698
  33. Mingoia J. et al. The relationship between social networking site use and the internalization of a thin ideal in females: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in psychology, 2017. Vol. 8, p. 1351. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01351
  34. Qiu L. et al. What does your selfie say about you? Computers in Human Behavior, 2015. Vol. 52, pp. 443—449. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.032
  35. Rousseau A. Adolescents’ selfie-activities and idealized online self-presentation: An application of the sociocultural model. Body Image, 2021. Vol. 36, pp. 16—26. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.10.005
  36. Shane-Simpson C. et al. I love my selfie! An investigation of overt and covert narcissism to understand selfie-posting behaviors within three geographic communities. Computers in Human Behavior, 2020. Vol. 104, pp. 106—158. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.106158
  37. Sorokowski P. et al. Selfi posting/behaviors are associated with narcissism among men. Personality and individual Differences, 2015. Vol. 85, pp. 123—127. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.004
  38. Sorokowski P. et al. Sex differences in online selfie posting behaviors predict histrionic personality scores among men but not women. Computers in Human Behavior, 2016. Vol. 59, pp. 368—373. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.033
  39. Tiggemann M., Anderberg I., Brown Z. Uploading your best self: Selfie editing and body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 2020. Vol. 33, pp. 175—182. DOI: 10.1016/j. bodyim.2020.03.002
  40. Vendemia M.A., DeAndrea D.C. The effects of engaging in digital photo modifications and receiving favorable comments on women’s selfies shared on social media. Body Image, 2021. Vol. 37, pp. 74—83. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.01.011
  41. Weilenmann A. Hillman T. Selfies in the wild: Studying selfie photography as a local practice. Mobile Media & Communication, 2020. Vol. 8, pp. 42—61. DOI: 10.1177/2050157918822131
  42. Wood N. T., Solomon M.R., Englis B.G. Personalisation of online avatars: is the messenger as important as the message? International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 2005. Vol. 2 (1—2), pp. 143—161. DOI: 10.1504/IJIMA.2005.007509
  43. Wortham J. My Selfie, Myself [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://www.nytimes. com/2013/10/20/sunday-review/my-selfie-myself.html (Accessed 01.04.2020).

Information About the Authors

Natalia V. Pavlova, MA in Psychology, psychologist, ANO «Center for the Development and Socialization of Children and Adults with Developmental Disabilities “The Communication Space”», Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2139-5633, e-mail: pavlova.sound@gmail.com

Elena V. Filippova, PhD in Psychology, Professor, the head of the Child and family psychotherapy chair, Psychologicalcounseling faculty, Senior researcher, scientific secretary of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, employee of the Psychological Consultation of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, member of the editorial board of the journal “Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy”, member of the editorial board of the journal “Psychological Science and Education”., Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-3041, e-mail: e.v.filippova@mail.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 2895
Previous month: 113
Current month: 88

Downloads

Total: 660
Previous month: 16
Current month: 9